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APR (\n                    <jats:italic>i.e.,<\/jats:italic>\n                    h\n                    <jats:italic>epcidin,<\/jats:italic>\n                    kallistatin, MBL, pentraxin-2, RBP4\n                    <jats:italic>, and serpin A1)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , inflammatory (\n                    <jats:italic>i.e.,<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>IL-6, IL-8, and resistin)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and ECM-related (\n                    <jats:italic>i.e.,<\/jats:italic>\n                    lumican, MMP-8, TGFBI, and uPA) molecules were assayed in the AF by ELISA. The primary outcome measure was SPTD at &lt;34 weeks. The levels of each identi\ufb01ed dysregulated\n                    <jats:italic>inflammatory<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediator were divided into quartiles to assess the correlation between their AF expression profiles and SPTD risk severity.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Multivariable Firth logistic regression\n                    <jats:italic>analyses revealed that elevated AF levels of<\/jats:italic>\n                    IL-6, IL-8, kallistatin, pentraxin-2,\n                    <jats:italic>resistin,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and serpin A1,\n                    <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic>\n                    IAI presence were independently associated with SPTD at &lt;34 weeks after adjusting for baseline covariates. The areas under the curves of the aforementioned mediators ranged from 0.67 to 0.79 for outcome prediction. The odds of SPTD at &lt;34 weeks, even after adjusting for confounders, significantly increased with each increasing quartile of baseline AF levels of IL-6\/8, pentraxin-2, and resistin.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    APR (kallistatin, pentraxin-2, and serpin A1)- and inflammation (IL-6\/8 and resistin)-, but not ECM-related mediators in the AF are involved in SPTD development in asymptomatic women with a midtrimester SCX. In particular, SPTD risk (especially risk severity) is associated with the degree of the inflammatory response in the AF, as categorized by inflammatory protein expression profiles, as well as IAI presence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534259251372138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T07:33:26Z","timestamp":1756798406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute-phase response- and inflammation-, but not extracellular matrix-related proteins in the amniotic fluid are associated with spontaneous preterm delivery in asymptomatic women with midtrimester short cervix"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3550-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyo Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyong-No","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunji","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Young","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, \rKorea"},{"name":"Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Eun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0862-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2020.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2017.32.3.488"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","article-title":"Electronic address pso, biggio J and committee SP. 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