{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:46:03Z","timestamp":1787726763518,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81960242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81960242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Innovative Team of Yunnan Province","award":["202305AS350019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AS350019"]}]},{"name":"The Major Science and Technology Special Project of Yunnan Province","award":["202102AA100061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AA100061"]}]},{"name":"the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province","award":["202301AS070045, 202101AY070001-115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202301AS070045, 202101AY070001-115"]}]},{"name":"535 Talent Project of First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University","award":["2023535D18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023535D18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Innate Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gut microbiota modulates dementia pathogenesis through immune interactions. Using Mendelian randomization, we investigate immune mediated mechanisms linking microbial dysbiosis to four dementia subtypes (Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia . Our study tests whether gut microbiome effects on dementia are transmitted via immunoregulatory pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genome wide association studies data included gut microbiota, 731 immune traits, and dementia cohorts (Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, Vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia). Two step Mendelian randomization with Inverse Variance Weighted analyses assessed mediation effects, controlled by F-statistics &gt;10 and Steiger filtering. Sensitivity analyses addressed pleiotropy\n                      <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 37 gut microbiome species demonstrated potential causal effects relationships with four types of dementia, and 137 immune cell subsets exhibited potential causal effects associations with these four dementia subtypes. In the Two step Mendelian randomization analysis, CD45RA\u2009+\u2009CD28\u2212 CD8+ T cells, CD19 on IgD\u2212 CD38dim B cells, and BAFF-R on CD20\u2212 B cells were shown to exert mediating effects between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">class\/order\/family.Deltaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Alzheimer's disease. CD4+ CD8+ T cells were found to exert a mediating effect between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">genus.Roseburia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Parkinson's disease dementia . CD20\u2212 CD38\u2212 B cells, CD19 on CD20\u2212 B cells, and IgD on unswitched memory B cells were found to exert a mediating effect between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">class\/order\/family.Coriobacteriales,genus.Lactococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Vascular dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This Mendelian randomization study revealed that certain immune cells serve as mediators in the pathway by which the gut microbiome contributes to the onset of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534259261426829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T16:36:51Z","timestamp":1771951011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune cells play a mediating role in the relationship between the gut microbiota and dementia: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jianzhun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5801-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinglong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"Biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, dementia Lewy body, frontotemporal dementia and vascular dementia","volume":"32","author":"Maclin JMA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maclin JMA, Wang T, Xiao S. 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