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Although sneezing is a protective reflex response, little else is known about it. A sneeze (or sternutation) is expulsion of air from the lungs through the nose and mouth, most commonly caused by the irritation of the nasal mucosa. Sneezing can further be triggered through sudden exposure to bright light, a particularly full stomach and physical stimulants of the trigeminal nerve, as a result of central nervous system pathologies such as epilepsy, posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome or as a symptom of psychogenic pathologies. In this first comprehensive review of the sneeze reflex in the English literature, we aim to review the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of sneezing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465809340571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,17]],"date-time":"2009-07-17T20:54:05Z","timestamp":1247864045000},"page":"131-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Sneeze reflex: facts and fiction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Murat","family":"Songu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dr Beh\u00e7et Uz Children's Hospital and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Izmir Ataturk Research and Training Hospital, Izmir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cemal","family":"Cingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Eski\u015fehir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90066-7"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Transmission and pathogenesis of tuberculosis","author":"Adler, J.J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03190360056039","volume":"219","author":"Anonymous","year":"1972","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Aristotle (330 B.C.). 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