{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:31:17Z","timestamp":1782916277539,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,7]],"date-time":"2010-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262822400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well established that smoking is the primary preventable cause of disease and death in the United States and that it is responsible for a wide range of negative health consequences, including but not limited to respiratory disease. According to the US Public Health Service, all patients attempting to quit smoking should be encouraged to use one or more effective pharmacotherapy agents for cessation except in the presence of special circumstances or in populations for which there is insufficient evidence of effectiveness (pregnant women, smokeless tobacco users, light smokers and adolescents). These medications are most effective when coupled with behavioral counseling interventions. This review article provides an overview of comprehensive (the 5 A\u2019s framework: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) and brief (Ask, Advise, Refer) interventions for assisting patients with quitting, and a more detailed review of the seven first-line pharmacological agents for smoking cessation (nicotine replacement therapy formulations, bupropion SR and varenicline) and combination therapy regimens. This information will facilitate respiratory therapists in addressing the most important risk factor for pulmonary disease in the patient population that they serve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465809353768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,8]],"date-time":"2010-01-08T03:43:06Z","timestamp":1262922186000},"page":"35-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Current approaches to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Suchanek Hudmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin L.","family":"Corelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Prokhorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Cancer Facts & Figures (2009)","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2009"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.4.979","volume":"129","author":"Bars, M.P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200410001669169"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(03)00087-2"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69248-5_2"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1997.00566.x"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"CD006103","author":"Cahill, K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"1226","volume":"57","author":"CDC","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"1221","volume":"57","author":"CDC","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm050069n"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804752"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntp042"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntn031"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update","author":"Fiore, M.C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Information for healthcare professionals: Varenicline (marketed as Chantix) and Bupropion (marketed as Zyban, Wellbutrin, and generics)","author":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2009"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2006.00955.x"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Zyban Package Insert","author":"GlaxoSmithKline Inc.","year":"2009"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2008","author":"GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease)","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Clonidine for smoking cessation. 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