{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T03:47:05Z","timestamp":1787888825905,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]],"date-time":"2013-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The aim of this study was to describe the antibiotic prescribing rate in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), to analyse predictors for antibiotic prescribing and to explore the influence of the use C-reactive protein (CRP) rapid test. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A cross-sectional study was carried out in January and February 2008 in primary care. General practitioners (GPs) from six countries (Denmark, Sweden, Lithuania, Russia, Spain and Argentina) registered all patients with AECOPD during a 3-week period. A multilevel logistic regression model was estimated using two hierarchical levels, (i) patients and (ii) physicians, and was used to analyse the association between antibiotic prescribing and potential predictors for antibiotic use: patients\u2019 age and gender, duration and symptoms and signs of exacerbations (fever, cough, dyspnoea, sputum volume and purulence) and the results of the CRP test. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A total of 617 GPs registered 1233 patients with AECOPD. A total of 970 patients (79%) were prescribed antibiotics, varying from 49% (Denmark) to 93% (Russia). The presence of purulent sputum was the strongest predictor for antibiotic treatment (odds ratio [OR] 8.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.9\u201312.8). CRP determination was carried out mainly in Denmark and Sweden and its use was the strongest protective factor for antibiotic therapy (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.2-0.6). GPs that used CRP testing weighted purulent sputum lower than GPs who did not use CRP testing. CRP values had a strong influence on the antibiotic prescribing rate. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Antibiotic treatment for AECOPD is very high. This study shows that GPs performing CRP rapid tests prescribe fewer antibiotics than those who do not. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465812472387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]],"date-time":"2013-01-17T07:24:52Z","timestamp":1358407492000},"page":"131-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Predictors for antibiotic prescribing in patients with exacerbations of COPD in general practice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Carl","family":"Llor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Rovira i Virgili, Primary Healthcare Centre Jaume I, c. Felip Pedrell, 45-47, 43005 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bjerrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Munck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malene P.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria Cristina","family":"C\u00f3rdoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Lena","family":"Strandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, General Practice\/Family Medicine, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvar","family":"Ovhed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, General Practice\/Family Medicine, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Radzeviciene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Klaipeda University, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep M.","family":"Cots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Barcelona, Primary Care Centre La Marina, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatoliy","family":"Reutskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association of Family Doctors, Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Misiones Association of General Family Medicine, Posadas, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753465812472387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-2-196"},{"key":"bibr2-1753465812472387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003539.pub2"},{"key":"bibr3-1753465812472387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00016"},{"key":"bibr4-1753465812472387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000117793"},{"key":"bibr5-1753465812472387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0706-z"},{"key":"bibr6-1753465812472387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-11-29"},{"key":"bibr7-1753465812472387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00109906"},{"key":"bibr8-1753465812472387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0837OC"},{"key":"bibr9-1753465812472387","first-page":"509","volume":"44","author":"Davey P.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"bibr10-1753465812472387","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2011) Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (updated 2011). 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