{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:03:44Z","timestamp":1777511024883,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the outcomes of recovered patients have not been well defined. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This is a prospective observational follow-up study of survivors with COVID-19 from a designated tertiary center in Hefei, China. We examined chest computed tomography (CT) scanning, pulmonary function, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and 36 item Short Form General Health Survey (SF-36). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Among 81 enrolled patients, 62 (77%) patients and 61 (75%) patients, respectively, completed 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Abnormal CT findings were still present in 73% of patients at 1\u2009month and 54% at 3\u2009months, whereas chest CT scan scores improved progressively at 1-month (5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.1) and 3-month follow up (3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5) compared with that during hospitalization (11\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8). Mild restrictive pulmonary impairment was detected in 11% and 10% of patients at 1-month and 3-month follow up, respectively. The 6MWD was 523\u2009\u00b1\u200977\u2009m in male patients and 484\u2009\u00b1\u200958\u2009m in female patients, which was significantly lower than in healthy controls (606\u2009\u00b1\u200968\u2009m, 568\u2009\u00b1\u200978\u2009m, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). SF-36 scores were significantly impaired in the domains of role physical (RP), role emotional (RE), and social functioning (SF) compared with the normal age-matched population. RP was improved at 3-month compared with 1-month follow up in the 41\u201364\u2009years group ( p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Multivariable analysis showed that older age (over 40\u2009years) and steroid administration during hospitalization were independently associated with worse chest CT scores at 3-month follow up. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> At 3\u2009months, chest CT abnormalities were present in one half of COVID-19 survivors and worse chest CT scores were independently associated with older age and steroid administration during hospitalization. Residual pulmonary function impairments were modest, whereas exercise capacity and SF-36 scores were significantly lower than the general population. Support program and further follow-up evaluations may be needed. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666211009410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T02:40:37Z","timestamp":1618972837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Three-month outcomes of recovered COVID-19 patients: prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinmin","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianmeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation (now at Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People\u2019s Hospital of Hefei), The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sihui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3727-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Room 302, Building 9, 17 Lujiang Road, Luyang District, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17534666211009410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"bibr2-17534666211009410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X"},{"key":"bibr3-17534666211009410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"bibr4-17534666211009410","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University, CSSE. 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