{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T04:54:10Z","timestamp":1777784050427,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the youth program of clinical medicine research of National Children's health and disease clinical medicine research centre","award":["No. NCRCCHD-2021-YP-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. NCRCCHD-2021-YP-17"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The optimal timing of surgery for pectus excavatum (PE) is controversial. A large proportion of children will not undergo surgery before puberty. However, untimely surgery may lead to a decline in the children\u2019s social adaptation and competitiveness because the children have already developed psychological and physiological impairments due to PE at an early age. The study retrospectively compared the academic performance in PE children undergoing the Nuss procedure\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      nonsurgical observation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective real-world research study included 480 PE patients with definite surgical indications, in whom it was first recommended that they undergo surgery between the ages of 6 and 12 years old. Academic performance was collected at baseline and 6 years later. A generalized linear regression was calculated to screen the factors affecting the performance. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to reduce the potential for confounding factors between surgical and nonsurgical PE patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Haller index (HI) and pulmonary function were recognized as factors affecting baseline performance according to the generalized linear regression. For PE children with surgical indications, their academic performance significantly declined after 6 years of nonsurgical observation (52.1%\u2009\u00b1\u200917.1%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      58.3%\u2009\u00b1\u200916.7%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042). The academic performance in the surgery group was better than that in the nonsurgery group 6 years after PSM (60.7%\u2009\u00b1\u200917.7%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      52.1%\u2009\u00b1\u200917.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The severity of PE will affect the academic performance of children.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>For PE children with definite surgical indications between the ages of 6 and 12 years old, surgical intervention rather than nonsurgical observation is more conducive to the development of children\u2019s academic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666231155779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T04:50:32Z","timestamp":1677473432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Academic performance in children with pectus excavatum: a real-world research with propensity score matching"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-7938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Children\u2019s Medical Big Data Intelligent Application, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shulei","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangpan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengxia","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangtao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Children\u2019s Medical Big Data Intelligent Application, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4886-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.136 Zhongshan Second Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Children\u2019s Medical Big Data Intelligent Application, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181effdce"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-005-0047-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-2422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/acs.2016.08.02"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum patients suffer from lower quality of life and impaired body image: a control group comparison of psychological characteristics prior to surgical correction","volume":"40","author":"Steinmann C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steinmann C, Krille S, Mueller A, et al. Pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum patients suffer from lower quality of life and impaired body image: a control group comparison of psychological characteristics prior to surgical correction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 1138\u20131145.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2012.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezz038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-9-28"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00524-2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.07.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.678839"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2019.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2008.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Analysis of related factors affecting the academic performance of urban middle school students","volume":"17","author":"Xing W","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xing W, long F, Qing Z, et al. Analysis of related factors affecting the academic performance of urban middle school students. Chin J Ment Health 2003; 17: 45\u201346, 44. (Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Ment Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"Multivariate regression analysis of junior high school students with poor academic performance","volume":"14","author":"Lin L","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lin L, Lu S, Zheng L, et al. Multivariate regression analysis of junior high school students with poor academic performance. Chin J Ment Health 2000; 14: 193\u2013195 (Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Ment Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"235","article-title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary function","volume":"35","author":"Zhu L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu L, Liming D. Diagnosis of pulmonary function. Chin J Tuberculosis Respir 2017; 35: 235\u2013237. (Chinese)","journal-title":"Chin J Tuberculosis Respir"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019623"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2723"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezx041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.05.03"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1243621"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003877"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834881c4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Chinese experts\u2019 consensus on surgical treatment of pectus excavatum","volume":"1","author":"Qiao G X M, Q Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiao G X M, Q Z, et al. Chinese experts\u2019 consensus on surgical treatment of pectus excavatum. Chin J Pediatr Surg 2020; 1: 7\u201312 (Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr Surg"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17534666231155779","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17534666231155779","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17534666231155779","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:45:18Z","timestamp":1767627918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17534666231155779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17534666231155779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17534666231155779","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666231155779\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666231155779\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666231155779\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666231155779\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666231155779\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1753-4666","1753-4666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-4666","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4666","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"17534666231155779"}}