{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:55:04Z","timestamp":1791219304086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","award":["Nos. 20Y11902500 and 21140903400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 20Y11902500 and 21140903400"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Project of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University","award":["Nos. ITJ(ZD)2006 and TJ1801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. ITJ(ZD)2006 and TJ1801"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measured at multiple exhalation flow rates can be used as a biomarker to differentiate central and peripheral airway inflammation. However, the role of alveolar nitric oxide (CaNO) indicating peripheral airway inflammation remains unclear in gastroesophageal reflux-associated cough (GERC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to characterize the changes in alveolar nitric oxide (CaNO) and determine its clinical implication in GERC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a single-center prospective observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FeNOs at exhalation flow rates of 50 and 200\u2009ml\/s were measured in 102 patients with GERC and 134 patients with other causes of chronic cough (non-GERC). CaNO was calculated based on a two-compartment model and the factors associated with CaNO were analyzed. The effect of anti-reflux therapy on CaNO was examined in 26 GERC patients with elevated CaNO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CaNO was significantly elevated in GERC compared with that in non-GERC (4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4\u2009ppb versus 2.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009ppb, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). GERC patients with high CaNO (&gt;5\u2009ppb) had more proximal reflux events (24\u2009\u00b1\u200915 versus 9\u2009\u00b1\u20099 episodes, p\u2009=\u20090.001) and a higher level of pepsin (984.8\u2009\u00b1\u2009492.5 versus 634.5\u2009\u00b1\u2009626.4 pg\/ml, p\u2009=\u20090.002) in sputum supernatant than those with normal CaNO. More GERC patients with high CaNO required intensified anti-reflux therapy (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.963, p\u2009=\u20090.046), as predicted by a sensitivity of 41.7% and specificity of 83.3%. Cough relief paralleled a significant improvement in CaNO (8.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0 versus 4.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u2009ppb, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral airway inflammation can be assessed by CaNO measurement in GERC. High CaNO indicates potential micro-aspiration and may predict a necessity for intensified anti-reflux therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666241231117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T23:57:16Z","timestamp":1708991836000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role of alveolar nitric oxide in gastroesophageal reflux-associated cough: prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Science, Respiratory Medicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, East Yorkshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alimire","family":"Aierken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6612-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, 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