{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:54:34Z","timestamp":1775714074460,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline","award":["ZDXK202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDXK202201"]}]},{"name":"Project of Suzhou City","award":["SYS2021034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYS2021034"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant","award":["81672280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81672280"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The preoperative determination of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) in patients with malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is essential for determining the surgical range and selecting adjuvant chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to systematically investigate risk factors of VPI in patients with SPN and construct a preoperative predictive model for such patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study. The clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of study subjects were reviewed, and the groups with and without VPI were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multivariate logistic analysis was utilized to identify independent risk factors for VPI. Moreover, a predictive nomogram was constructed to assess the likelihood of VPI occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 364 enrolled cases, SPNs adjacent to the pleura with VPI were found in 110 (30.2%) patients. By incorporating four preoperative variables, including tumor diameter (&gt;2\u2009cm), maximum computed tomography value (&gt;200\u2009Hu), air bronchogram sign, and age, a preoperative predictive nomogram was constructed. The nomogram demonstrated good discriminative ability, with a C-index of 0.736 (95% CI (0.662\u20130.790)). Furthermore, our data indicated that the air bronchogram sign (odd ratio (OR) 1.81, 95% CI (0.99\u20133.89), p\u2009=\u20090.048), a maximum diameter &gt;2\u2009cm (OR 24.48, 95% CI (8.43\u201371.07), p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), pathological type (OR 5.01, 95% CI (2.61\u20139.64), p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and Ki-67 &gt;30% (OR 2.95, 95% CI (1.40\u20136.21), p\u2009=\u20090.004) were overall independent risk factors for VPI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the risk factors for VPI in malignant SPNs touching the pleural surface. Additionally, a nomogram was developed to predict the likelihood of VPI in such patients, facilitating informed decision-making regarding surgical approaches and treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666241285606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T02:17:32Z","timestamp":1728440252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Risk analysis of visceral pleural invasion in malignant solitary pulmonary nodules that appear touching the pleural surface"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ziwen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 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