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The incidence of NTM pulmonary infections and lung disease has continued to increase worldwide over the last decade among both groups. Notably, women with NCFB NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) bear a disproportionate burden with NTM rates increasing in this population as well as having consistently higher incidence of NTM-PD compared to men. In contrast, among people with CF, an overall increased risk among women has not been observed. In the United States, the majority of people with CF are taking highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, and these numbers are increasing worldwide. The long-term impact of CFTR modulator medications on NTM infections is not entirely understood. Guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, and management of NTM-PD exist for people with NCFB and CF, but do not consider unique implications relevant to women. 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