{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:50:37Z","timestamp":1792273837599,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the management of difficult-to-treat and severe asthma, the incorporation of a Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA) into a regimen of Inhaled Corticosteroids plus Long-Acting \u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    agonists (ICS\/LABA) represents a viable add-on therapeutic strategy. Historically, this approach required the use of separate inhalers; however, the recent advent of \u201csingle-inhaler triple therapy\u201d (SITT) provided a valuable alternative. One such formulation is the extrafine combination of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), fluticasone furoate (FF), and glycopyrronium bromide (GB), which is delivered via a single pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Clinical trials, including the TRIMARAN and TRIGGER studies, alongside subsequent post-hoc analyses, have elucidated the benefits of this SITT at both 87\/5\/9\u2009\u03bcg and 172\/5\/9\u2009\u03bcg dosing regimens administered daily. Findings indicated a significant improvement in respiratory function and a reduction in the frequency of exacerbations among patients with uncontrolled asthma. The BDP\/FF\/GB SITT confirmed efficacy and safety across various ethnic groups (including Caucasian, Japanese, and Chinese populations) and across different age cohorts (adults and adolescents), although it still remains unapproved for individuals under 18\u2009years of age. The use of a single pMDI facilitates the deposition of extra- fine particles from all three active ingredients in the small airways enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, the consolidation of medications into one device may improve patients\u2019 adherence by mitigating the risks associated with device mismanagement and ensuring optimal drug delivery. The cost-effectiveness analysis of the BDP\/FF\/GB SITT suggests favorable outcomes compared to traditional ICS\/LABA and ICS\/LABA plus tiotropium combinations. Additional data will be forthcoming from the ongoing real-life TRIMAXIMIZE observational study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666251332076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T04:41:56Z","timestamp":1744432916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Extrafine formulation of beclomethasone dipropionate\/formoterol fumarate\/glycopyrronium bromide delivered via pressurized metered-dose inhaler in the treatment of asthma: a review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1439-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erminia","family":"Ridolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9626-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manlio","family":"Milanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Santa Corona, via XXV Aprile 38, 17027 Pietra ligure (SV), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Nicoletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Ottoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo Ferdinando","family":"Cosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Unit. S. Corona Hospital, Pietra Ligure, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Passalacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Respiratory Diseases Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Unit of Allergology, Clinical Immunology &amp; Pneumology, Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention www.ginasthma.org (accessed 10 November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2024.16.3.217"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31399-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901963"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1715274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008033430504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200807-1126OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2769"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0437ST"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203557"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01897-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208606"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7872"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04233-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","article-title":"Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying doses of inhaled corticosteroids in adolescents and adults with asthma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Oba Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oba Y, Anwer S, Maduke T, et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying doses of inhaled corticosteroids in adolescents and adults with asthma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 12: CD013799.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00476-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2015.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2018.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105801"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14909"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2023.2188556"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration \u2013 Trelegy Ellipta https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/209482s010s011lbl.pdf (2020 accessed 10 November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency \u2013 Enerzair Breezhaler https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/enerzair-breezhaler (2020 accessed 10 November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency \u2013 Trimbow https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/trimbow (2021 accessed 10 November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2019.101828"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2022.0059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S269001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jamp.2021.0046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.980"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2019.105198"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0770-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32215-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S283489"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01558-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30190-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30389-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S216932"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2022.106934"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30049-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2022.106915"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.884679"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/arm92060041"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17534666251332076","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17534666251332076","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17534666251332076","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T08:19:32Z","timestamp":1767687572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17534666251332076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17534666251332076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17534666251332076","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666251332076\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666251332076\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666251332076\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666251332076\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666251332076\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666251332076\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666251332076\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1753-4666","1753-4666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-4666","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4666","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"17534666251332076"}}