{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:06:29Z","timestamp":1772165189867,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) frequently co-occur and may exacerbate nocturnal hypoxemia. Still, their combined effects are not well defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the independent and interactive effects of COPD, OSA, and PLMS on nocturnal oxygen desaturation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional analysis of a sleep study cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed 711 participants (mean age 57.2\u2009\u00b1\u200917.9\u2009years; 44.4% male), including 48 with COPD. Time with oxygen saturation \u2a7d88% (ST) and mean SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      were compared across COPD and OSA\/PLMS subgroups. Multivariable regression tested the independent and interaction effects of COPD, OSA, PLMS, age, and sex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with COPD had lower mean SpO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and longer ST than non-COPD participants (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005). ST was greatest in those with both OSA and PLMS, particularly in COPD. COPD (+46.4\u2009min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and OSA (+10.5\u2009min,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) independently increased ST. A negative COPD\u2009\u00d7\u2009OSA interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.021) indicated less-than-additive effects, whereas a positive COPD\u2009\u00d7\u2009OSA\u2009\u00d7\u2009PLMS interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036) identified the highest desaturation burden.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COPD and OSA independently worsen nocturnal hypoxemia, while the coexistence of COPD, OSA, and PLMS confers the greatest desaturation burden, underscoring the importance of evaluating overlapping conditions in clinical assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666251380431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T04:50:26Z","timestamp":1758171026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nocturnal hypoxemia in COPD: the amplifying effect of comorbid OSA and PLMS on oxygen desaturation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Viraj","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harshill","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes M.","family":"DelRosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco, Fresno, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12642"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.1.7812577"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S338824"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02540-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008844"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26587"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","first-page":"2019","author":"Berry RB","unstructured":"Berry RB, Brooks R, Gamaldo C, et al. 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