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Its importance lies in the high prevalence and presence in all age groups and on cardiovascular (CV), metabolism, neurocognitive function, mental health, and overall quality of life. Furthermore, the coexistence of multiple comorbidities in patients suffering from OSA plays an essential role in these entities\u2019 development, perpetuation, and clinical control. In the past years, efforts have been made to understand the pathophysiology of each event, the spectrum of the disease, and the different phenotypes, as well as to refine the diagnostic process and, thus, direct treatment toward a more comprehensive and personalized approach. Many uncertainties remain regarding which patients are at higher CV risk and who derive the greatest benefit from treatment. In this promising scenario, new tools have been developed, including advanced diagnostic technologies, molecular biomarkers, and predictive statistic models tailored for precision medicine. 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