{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:11:55Z","timestamp":1783775515017,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) represents a heterogeneous entity overlapping with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD); however, its clinical course and prognostic determinants remain incompletely characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to compare baseline characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of poor prognosis between IPAF and CTD-ILD, and to evaluate the prognostic performance of selected inflammatory indices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was designed as a single-center, retrospective cohort analysis evaluating clinical characteristics, radiological features, and prognostic outcomes in patients with interstitial lung disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective cohort study included 88 patients with ILD, categorized as IPAF (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2004=\u200430) or CTD-ILD (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2004=\u200458), including systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease-associated ILD. Baseline demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were systematically analyzed. Poor prognosis was defined as the occurrence of at least one of the following during follow-up: &gt;10% decline in forced vital capacity (FVC), development of a radiological progression, or the need for treatment escalation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of poor prognosis. Discriminative performance of the Gender\u2013Age\u2013Physiology (GAP) score, Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI), and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with IPAF were older at diagnosis compared with CTD-ILD (median 68.5 vs 56.0\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while female predominance was higher in CTD-ILD (81.0% vs 56.7%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029). The GAP score was higher in IPAF, whereas anti-CCP positivity was more common in CTD-ILD. Despite these differences, clinical outcomes were comparable between groups, with no significant differences in FVC decline, development of radiological progression, treatment escalation, antifibrotic initiation, or composite poor prognosis. In univariable analysis, an increased persistent erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein were associated with poor prognosis. In multivariable analysis, persistent ESR elevation remained an independent predictor (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.15\u20139.23,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027). ROC analysis showed limited discriminative performance (AUC\u2004&lt;\u20040.60) for GAP, LIPI, and dNLR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although IPAF and CTD-ILD differ in baseline phenotype, their clinical trajectories appear similar. Persistent systemic inflammation, reflected by sustained ESR elevation, independently predicts adverse outcomes, while commonly used prognostic scores demonstrate limited utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666261465583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T11:22:59Z","timestamp":1783596179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inflammatory activity as a predictor of clinical deterioration in interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features: a comparative cohort study with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8441-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firdevs","family":"Uluta\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale, Denizli 20160, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nil\u00fcfer","family":"Yi\u011fit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Diseases and Pulmonology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale, Denizli, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclay","family":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale, Denizli, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veli","family":"\u00c7obankara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale, Denizli, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2024.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2022.358"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05149-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-022-01072-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2023.107500"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics16020299"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4111-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00150-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103582"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-10-201205150-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2017.4771"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2026.108641"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/011573398X404870251126065912"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S567633"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262412126"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04836-3"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"17115","article-title":"Predictors of 1-year progression of interstitial lung disease in patients with interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features: a single-center, prospective study","volume":"135","author":"Mi\u0105dlikowska E","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mi\u0105dlikowska E, Mi\u0142kowska-Dymanowska J, Bia\u0142as AJ, et al. 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