{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:20Z","timestamp":1792787780623,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2023-NR076946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-NR076946"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Respir Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rigid bronchoscopy (RB) is conventionally performed under general anesthesia with jet or mechanical ventilation in an operating room and requires anesthesiologist support. Deep sedation with high-flow oxygenation (HFO), without anesthesiologist or mechanical ventilation, has recently been used for RB at our hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and patient-reported tolerability of RB performed under deep sedation with HFO, without general anesthesia or neuromuscular blockade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, single-center cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed our institutional registry to identify all consecutive patients who underwent therapeutic RB under deep sedation with HFO. Sedation depth was targeted to a Modified Observer\u2019s Assessment of Alertness\/Sedation score of 2 or less. Vital signs, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and oxygen saturation were continuously monitored. A patient-reported tolerability survey was administered on the procedure day and 1 week later. The primary endpoint was procedural success; secondary endpoints included intra- and post-procedural complications and patient-reported tolerability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-eight cases (66 patients) were analyzed between August 2023 and June 2025, including patients with ASA class III or higher (38.2%), a baseline oxygen requirement (80.9%), and urgent or emergent indications (41.2%), reflecting an unselected, all-comers cohort. Procedural success was achieved in 67 cases (98.5%), with a mean procedure time of 45.1 minutes. Complications included hypoxia (13.2%), arrhythmia (7.4%), bleeding (5.9%), and hypotension (1.5%), with no 72-hour procedure-related complications or in-hospital mortality. Sore throat and voice change occurred in 25 (36.8%) and seven (10.3%) cases, respectively, all resolving within a week. Three cases (4.4%) experienced distress during the procedure, and 94.1% were willing to undergo re-examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RB using HFO and deep sedation, without mechanical ventilation or anesthesiologist support, was feasible across a heterogeneous, unselected cohort, with an acceptable complication profile and favorable patient-reported tolerability. These findings support further prospective, comparative evaluation of this approach, particularly in settings with limited anesthesiology support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666261495722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:22:36Z","timestamp":1791642156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rigid bronchoscopy using high-flow oxygenation and deep sedation: A feasibility, safety, and patient-reported tolerability survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6031-009X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganghee","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Hyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Won","family":"Ra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang Won","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangjin","family":"Jegal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munkwon","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Won","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Yun","family":"Seol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taehoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ulsan University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201309-302FR"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4234861"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58121762"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","first-page":"e84993","article-title":"A high-risk rigid bronchoscopy for a patient with a mediastinal mass causing superior vena cava syndrome, lobar collapse, and pulmonary artery compression: A case report","volume":"17","author":"Swaby JD","year":"2025","unstructured":"Swaby JD, Shahbazi N, Ang S. A high-risk rigid bronchoscopy for a patient with a mediastinal mass causing superior vena cava syndrome, lobar collapse, and pulmonary artery compression: A case report. Cureus 2025; 17(5): e84993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.84993","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03200-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2005.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2024-2163"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.70017"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003947"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1121-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199008000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.01.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203618"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ecrj.v3.33324"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000504679"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.07.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5492\/wjccm.v14.i2.99654"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5761\/atcs.cr.09.01480"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1530"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.24517"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130771"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17534666261495722","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17534666261495722","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17534666261495722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:53:55Z","timestamp":1791885235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17534666261495722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17534666261495722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17534666261495722","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666261495722\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666261495722\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666261495722\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666261495722\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666261495722\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1177\/17534666261495722\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1753-4666","1753-4666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-4666","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4666","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"article-number":"17534666261495722"}}