{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T20:05:43Z","timestamp":1786392343871,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstet Med"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Natriuretic peptides, such as active brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and inert N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), are hormones secreted by the heart in response to increased intraventricular pressure and circulating blood volume. Physiological cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy result in an increase in BNP secretion. In non-pregnant populations, these peptides are well-established markers for diagnosing heart failure and assessing cardiac risk; however, their clinical usefulness in pregnancy and cardiovascular risk assessment is limited. This paper aims to summarise the possible uses of BNP in pregnancy based on the available literature and research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Medline, PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for English-language studies published regarding BNP and pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BNP and NT-proBNP are valuable markers for diagnosing and predicting cardiac complications in pregnancy, including heart failure, pre-eclampsia, and peripartum cardiomyopathy, and for risk stratification in women with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recommended upper limits are 50 pg\/ml for BNP across all trimesters and 200 pg\/ml (first and second trimester) and 150 pg\/ml (third trimester) for NT-proBNP. A BNP &gt;100 pg\/ml demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 98%, specificity 92%, PPV 92%, NPV 97%) for cardiac complications. In addition, BNP used in conjunction with sFlt-1\/PlGF ratio tests, has improved the predictive capability of delivery in pre-eclampsia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BNP and NT-proBNP are widely used in emergency settings to differentiate cardiac from non-cardiac causes of dyspnoea and heart failure, but their use in pregnancy-specific conditions remains. The fluctuation of BNP levels with pre-existing cardiac, renal disease and obesity needs further evaluation to identify a useful cut-off for the use of BNP in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495x251398074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T15:40:08Z","timestamp":1766504408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Usefulness of brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7513-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"Quek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7903-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabia","family":"Zill-e-Huma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North West Anglia Foundation Trust, Hinchingbrooke, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0740-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3547-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Mouyis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.0871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2006.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-012-0175-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X17736717."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32848"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7352.1498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP60HTPGIGFCNK"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.037762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2002.125623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X18819351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802596025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2005.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","unstructured":"Felker A Patel R Kotnis R et al. 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