{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T11:46:21Z","timestamp":1782560781496,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstet Med"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-GAD antibody-associated epilepsy (AAE) is a rare neurological condition arising as a consequence of autoantibodies against the intracellular antigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65. It most commonly manifests in women of childbearing age, with persistent seizures, often refractory to therapy. Here described is a woman in her first pregnancy, with anti-GAD AAE, managed in pregnancy with a combination of anti-seizure medications (ASM) and intravenous immunoglobulin. Escalation of her medication doses was required as her pregnancy progressed in response to falling ASM levels and increased seizure frequency. She delivered a healthy neonate following induction of labour at 38 weeks\u2019 gestation due to intrahepatic cholestasis, potentially related to azathioprine use. Early neonatal anti-GAD antibody testing and baseline neurological examination were undertaken with developmental follow-up planned, given the uncertain significance of passively transferred maternal antibodies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495x261463144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T12:08:11Z","timestamp":1782389291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-GAD antibody-associated epilepsy in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7415-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Punt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9828-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mandish K","family":"Dhanjal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De Swiet Obstetric Medicine Centre, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Dassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De Swiet Obstetric Medicine Centre, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7650-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Frise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De Swiet Obstetric Medicine Centre, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16571"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","article-title":"GAD65 antibody-associated epilepsy","volume":"59","author":"Valin\u010di\u016bt\u0117 J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valin\u010di\u016bt\u0117 J, Jucevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 N, Balnyt\u0117 R, et al. GAD65 antibody-associated epilepsy. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59: 1135.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122733"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2024-335751"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta22230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Epilepsy in Pregnancy; Green-top Guideline No. 68. 2016\/06\/20. UK: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Available from: https:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/media\/rzldnacf\/gtg68_epilepsy.pdf (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","article-title":"Update on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in pregnancy","volume":"22","author":"D'Mello RJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"D'Mello RJ, Hsu CD, Chaiworapongsa P, et al. Update on the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in pregnancy. Neoreviews 2021; 22: e7\u2013e24.","journal-title":"Neoreviews"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Gov.UK. Thiopurines and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/drug-safety-update\/thiopurines-and-intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy (accessed 17 April 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/985646"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum1018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00554"}],"container-title":["Obstetric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753495X261463144","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1753495X261463144","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753495X261463144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T11:16:46Z","timestamp":1782559006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1753495X261463144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":16,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1753495X261463144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753495x261463144","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-495X","1753-4968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-495X","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-4968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"article-number":"1753495X261463144"}}