{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T23:10:00Z","timestamp":1779318600804,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]],"date-time":"2011-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1300147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Poor early nutrition has varying effects on subsequent cardiometabolic disease (CMD) rates. Fetal and neonatal periods are critical for the development and growth of the systems involved in CMD. The increased rates of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, renal failure and heart failure observed nowadays in Latin America could be the result of the discrepancy between the nutritional environment during fetal and early life and the adult environment. This discrepancy causes a mismatch between the fetal programming of the subject and its adult circumstances created by the imposition of new life styles. The two largest international studies on cardiovascular risk factors for a first myocardial infarction (INTERHEART) and stroke (INTERSTROKE) demonstrated that in Latin America the factor with the highest attributable population risk was abdominal obesity. The conflict between the earlier programming and the later presence of abdominal obesity produced a higher sensitivity of this population to develop a state of low-degree inflammation, insulin resistance and the epidemic of CMD to lower levels of abdominal adiposity. The relative roles played by genetic and environmental factors and the interaction between the two are the still subjects of great debate. We have reviewed the relationship between maternal malnutrition, early growth restriction, epigenetic adaptations, and the later occurrence of abdominal obesity and CMD in Latin America. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944711403189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,16]],"date-time":"2011-03-16T02:24:22Z","timestamp":1300242262000},"page":"119-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Epidemic of cardiometabolic diseases: a Latin American point of view"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Patricio","family":"Lopez-Jaramillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Direction, Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander-Clinica Carlos Ardila-Lulle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Lahera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Lopez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10623320109165324"},{"key":"bibr2-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055643"},{"key":"bibr3-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.4.748"},{"key":"bibr4-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2009.10.007"},{"key":"bibr5-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00301-5"},{"key":"bibr6-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00398.2003"},{"key":"bibr7-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105610"},{"key":"bibr8-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1157"},{"key":"bibr9-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6746.259"},{"key":"bibr10-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399095"},{"key":"bibr11-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6641.134-b"},{"key":"bibr12-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6673.564"},{"key":"bibr13-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200105000-00004"},{"key":"bibr14-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801827"},{"key":"bibr15-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0"},{"key":"bibr16-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.25.3062"},{"key":"bibr17-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00265.2004"},{"key":"bibr18-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/1.4.335"},{"key":"bibr19-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.121160"},{"key":"bibr20-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.2.145"},{"key":"bibr21-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030301"},{"key":"bibr22-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.11.048"},{"key":"bibr23-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00312-3"},{"key":"bibr24-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000157726.65492.CD"},{"key":"bibr25-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)40079-3"},{"key":"bibr26-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.40.2.S115"},{"key":"bibr27-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145117.40114.C7"},{"key":"bibr28-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000358836.64052.43"},{"key":"bibr29-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006080916"},{"key":"bibr30-1753944711403189","unstructured":"Eurostat (2006) International Migration 2006. Eurostat."},{"key":"bibr31-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1336"},{"key":"bibr32-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2004.09.016"},{"key":"bibr33-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1656"},{"key":"bibr34-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000080913.81393.B8"},{"key":"bibr35-1753944711403189","first-page":"91","volume":"31","author":"Forsdahl A.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"bibr36-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-3-200008010-00008"},{"key":"bibr37-1753944711403189","first-page":"847","volume":"83","author":"Fried S.K.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr38-1753944711403189","first-page":"432","volume":"10","author":"Fuller K.E.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"bibr39-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.7.1899"},{"key":"bibr40-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.06.001"},{"key":"bibr41-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.08.017"},{"key":"bibr42-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2008.02.001"},{"key":"bibr43-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.11.058"},{"key":"bibr44-1753944711403189","first-page":"545","volume":"95","author":"Gillum R.F.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr45-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.102"},{"key":"bibr46-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)01518-3"},{"key":"bibr47-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2002.282.1.E59"},{"key":"bibr48-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400248"},{"key":"bibr49-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6809.1019"},{"key":"bibr50-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000161954.17870.5D"},{"key":"bibr51-1753944711403189","first-page":"35","volume":"9","author":"Hjern A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"bibr52-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.8.5283"},{"key":"bibr53-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7678183"},{"key":"bibr54-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.5.968"},{"key":"bibr55-1753944711403189","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica (Espa\u00f1a) (2008) La poblaci\u00f3n extranjera en Espa\u00f1a."},{"key":"bibr56-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.7.1655"},{"key":"bibr57-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.1.234"},{"key":"bibr58-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000160198.05416.72"},{"key":"bibr59-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.6.1699"},{"key":"bibr60-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054017"},{"key":"bibr61-1753944711403189","first-page":"R236","volume":"273","author":"Jones B.H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr62-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.643544"},{"key":"bibr63-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29126"},{"key":"bibr64-1753944711403189","first-page":"3925","volume":"83","author":"Karlsson C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"bibr65-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1636"},{"key":"bibr66-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.6.1135"},{"key":"bibr67-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(96)00013-6"},{"key":"bibr68-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601765"},{"key":"bibr69-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.633552"},{"key":"bibr70-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328308ba8d"},{"key":"bibr71-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(09)71334-X","volume":"62","author":"L\u00f3pez-Jaramillo P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"bibr72-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047379"},{"key":"bibr73-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.105.2.e10"},{"key":"bibr74-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000170371.49010.4a"},{"key":"bibr75-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.86"},{"key":"bibr76-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e318164c149"},{"key":"bibr77-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1157\/13099463","volume":"60","author":"L\u00f3pez-Jaramillo P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"bibr78-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.03.074"},{"key":"bibr79-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e318164bf9c"},{"key":"bibr80-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00742-9"},{"key":"bibr81-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.12.8556"},{"key":"bibr82-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803111"},{"key":"bibr83-1753944711403189","volume-title":"The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020","author":"Murray C.J.L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr84-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07495-8"},{"key":"bibr85-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016108785909715"},{"key":"bibr86-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486"},{"key":"bibr87-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.26.6.1074"},{"key":"bibr88-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60834-3"},{"key":"bibr89-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.27.293"},{"key":"bibr90-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(00)00045-4"},{"key":"bibr91-1753944711403189","first-page":"230","volume":"17","author":"Ozsahin A.K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Nutr Metab"},{"key":"bibr92-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006865715292"},{"key":"bibr93-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000095050.46631.6f"},{"key":"bibr94-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00252762"},{"key":"bibr95-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.11.7992"},{"key":"bibr96-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1440"},{"key":"bibr97-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00199.2004"},{"key":"bibr98-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197608122950701"},{"key":"bibr99-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207"},{"key":"bibr100-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.09.005"},{"key":"bibr101-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/469169"},{"key":"bibr102-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.12.092"},{"key":"bibr103-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19297"},{"key":"bibr104-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.1.7883"},{"key":"bibr105-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200007000-00010"},{"key":"bibr106-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000127955.36250.65"},{"key":"bibr107-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.976"},{"key":"bibr108-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.125773"},{"key":"bibr109-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000243170"},{"key":"bibr110-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-200405000-00010"},{"key":"bibr111-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1182"},{"key":"bibr112-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(01)00499-4"},{"key":"bibr113-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.222657499"},{"key":"bibr114-1753944711403189","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2006) International Migration 2006. United Nations Publication No. E.06.XIII.6."},{"key":"bibr115-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2000.40"},{"key":"bibr116-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2002000300020"},{"key":"bibr117-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.1.e13"},{"key":"bibr118-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031049"},{"key":"bibr119-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051560"},{"key":"bibr120-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.6.1355"},{"key":"bibr121-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.7.5242"},{"key":"bibr122-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm788"},{"key":"bibr123-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67663-5"},{"key":"bibr124-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17018-9"},{"key":"bibr125-1753944711403189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51867.x"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753944711403189","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1753944711403189","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1753944711403189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T04:36:34Z","timestamp":1740803794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1753944711403189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1753944711403189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1753944711403189","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-9447","1753-9455"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-9447","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-9455","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,15]]}}}