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Heat-treated cells and heat-stable secreted molecules trigger multiple strain-specific activities explaining the therapeutic efficacy of L. acidophilus LB. This review discusses the current body of knowledge on the antimicrobial mechanisms of action exerted by L. acidophilus LB demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, and the evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of this anti-infectious biotherapeutic agent proved in randomized clinical trials for the treatment of acute and persistent watery diarrhoea associated with several intestinal infectious diseases in humans. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283x15602831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T00:08:53Z","timestamp":1441152533000},"page":"57-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agent: the heat-treated <i>Lactobacillus<\/i> LB"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Li\u00e9vin-Le Moal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS. 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