{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T03:34:44Z","timestamp":1768793684940,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024662","name":"Salix Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Funding for technical editorial assistance"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Funding for technical editorial assistance"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024662","name":"Salix Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Study funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Study funding"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therap Adv Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Cirrhosis-related complications are associated with poor prognosis. With our analyses, we examined the potential benefit of rifaximin in reducing the risk of developing cirrhosis-related complications. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Adults with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in remission were randomly assigned to receive rifaximin 550\u2004mg twice daily or placebo for 6\u2004months with concomitant lactulose permitted. Post hoc analyses examined time to cirrhosis-related complications (HE, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), variceal bleeding, acute kidney injury\/hepatorenal syndrome). Subgroup analyses evaluated efficacy for select baseline disease characteristics. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Of patients receiving rifaximin ( n = 140) and placebo ( n = 159), 53.6% and 49.1%, respectively, had baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score \u2a7e 12 and international normalized ratio (INR) \u2a7e 1.2. Baseline ascites was observed in 36.4% (rifaximin) and 34.6% (placebo) of patients. In patients with MELD score \u2a7e 12 and INR \u2a7e 1.2, rifaximin reduced the relative risk (RR) of any first complication experienced during trial by 59% [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25\u20130.67; p &lt; 0.001] versus placebo. For patients with baseline ascites, rifaximin reduced the RR of any first complication experienced during trial by 42% versus placebo (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34\u20131.0; p = 0.045). For some subgroups, there was a decrease in RR of complications of SBP, variceal bleeding, and acute kidney injury\/hepatorenal syndrome with rifaximin versus placebo, although there were few events reported in the study. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Rifaximin may reduce the incidence of cirrhosis-related complications and the recurrence of overt HE. [ ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00298038.] <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284818800307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T09:15:41Z","timestamp":1538126141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Rifaximin has the potential to prevent complications of cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Flamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair, Arkes 19-041, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeev","family":"Heimanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salix Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arun J.","family":"Sanyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070124"},{"key":"bibr2-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013"},{"key":"bibr3-1756284818800307","first-page":"1353","volume":"84","author":"Starr SP","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr4-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.191"},{"key":"bibr5-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4031-7"},{"key":"bibr6-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.09.157"},{"key":"bibr7-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13239"},{"key":"bibr8-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i12.566"},{"key":"bibr9-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl14363"},{"key":"bibr10-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13277"},{"key":"bibr11-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.032"},{"key":"bibr12-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i31.1336"},{"key":"bibr13-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.04.009"},{"key":"bibr14-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12721"},{"key":"bibr15-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90031-7"},{"key":"bibr16-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.08.007"},{"key":"bibr17-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12795"},{"key":"bibr18-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.07.012"},{"key":"bibr19-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.04130.x"},{"key":"bibr20-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.06.039"},{"key":"bibr21-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000308"},{"key":"bibr22-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.11.023"},{"key":"bibr23-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.28684"},{"key":"bibr24-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2012.01054.x"},{"key":"bibr25-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i3.425"},{"key":"bibr26-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i20.2264"},{"key":"bibr27-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2586"},{"key":"bibr28-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21563"},{"key":"bibr29-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.12.019"},{"key":"bibr30-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2012.07.002"},{"key":"bibr31-1756284818800307","unstructured":"Salix Pharmaceuticals. Xifaxan\u00ae (rifaximin) tablets, for oral use [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: Salix Pharmaceuticals, 2018."},{"key":"bibr32-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060042"},{"key":"bibr33-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907893"},{"key":"bibr34-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14275"},{"key":"bibr35-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.157"},{"key":"bibr36-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182506dbb"},{"key":"bibr37-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12070"},{"key":"bibr38-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002877"},{"key":"bibr39-1756284818800307","first-page":"194","volume":"77","author":"Berg CL.","year":"2016","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"key":"bibr40-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4313-0"},{"key":"bibr41-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000000724"},{"key":"bibr42-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093909"},{"key":"bibr43-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2013.19.2.131"},{"key":"bibr44-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12797"},{"key":"bibr45-1756284818800307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.03.033"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1756284818800307","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1756284818800307","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1756284818800307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:25:52Z","timestamp":1741047952000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1756284818800307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1756284818800307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756284818800307","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-2848","1756-2848"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-2848","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-2848","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"article-number":"1756284818800307"}}