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However, the introduction of nucleotide sequencing techniques and the development of biocomputional tools have surpassed traditional culturing techniques and opened a wide field for studying the mucosal and luminal composition of the bacterial gastric microbiota beyond H. pylori. In studies applying animal models, a potential role in gastric carcinogenesis for additional bacteria besides H. pylori has been demonstrated. At different steps of gastric carcinogenesis, changes in bacterial communities occur. Whether these microbial changes are a driver of malignant disease or a consequence of the histologic progression along the precancerous cascade, is not clear at present. It is hypothesized that atrophy, as a consequence of chronic gastric inflammation, alters the gastric niche for commensals that might further urge the development of H. pylori-induced GC. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Here, we review the current state of knowledge on gastric bacteria other than H. pylori and on their synergism with H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284819894062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T11:59:21Z","timestamp":1576670361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["The role of the gastric bacterial microbiome in gastric cancer: <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> and beyond"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1841-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistra\u00dfe 15, Munich 81377, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Sch\u00fctte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Marienhospital Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Mayerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Malfertheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1756284819894062","first-page":"1","volume":"100","author":"IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 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