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Their co-occurrence depends on shared immune and inflammatory processes, pathogenic mechanisms, and genetic and environmental risk factors, including drugs, especially tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. The more common IMIDs associated with IBD have been widely described, so this review focuses on the less frequent associations. The IMIDs discussed here are skin disorders (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, and hidradenitis suppurativa), hepato-pancreatic diseases (autoimmune hepatitis, granulomatous hepatitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis), endocrine diseases (autoimmune thyroid diseases, and type 1 diabetes mellitus), multiple sclerosis, and respiratory diseases (asthma, bronchiectasis, and interstitial pneumonia). The early detection of IMIDs in IBD patients is important to prevent their deleterious clinical course and limit their psychological impact. Care for IBD patients with IMIDs should be multispecialist, with a single therapeutic strategy instead of treating each disease separately. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848221115312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T10:55:58Z","timestamp":1659005758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Inflammatory bowel disease and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: looking at the less frequent associations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Bezzio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST Rhodense"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Della Corte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Rho Hospital, ASST 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