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In adults, a global consensus by the experts in the field concluded that H. pylori gastritis is an infectious disease and requires treatment irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms due to the potential for serious complication like peptic ulcer disease and gastric neoplasia. However, although more than half the world\u2019s population harbors H. pylori, these serious complications occur only in a small minority of the infected population, even less so in childhood. More importantly, there is accumulating evidence for beneficial role of H. pylori against many chronic health conditions, from several epidemiological and laboratory studies. No doubt, eradication therapy is indicated in children with H. pylori-related peptic ulcer disease. Even though the pediatric guidelines from various learned societies recommend against a \u201ctest and treat\u201d strategy, this is not always adhered to. With the accumulating evidence of the possible beneficial role of H. pylori, it is time to pause and think, are we causing more harm than good by eradicating H. pylori in every child who has this bug? <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848231177610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T10:37:14Z","timestamp":1686825434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> in children: think before you kill the bug!"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Ravikumara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Perth Children\u2019s Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, 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