{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:38:07Z","timestamp":1774831087370,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therap Adv Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a critical clinical emergency associated with high morbidity and mortality. The widespread use of antithrombotic agents, including antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications, has increased the incidence of GIB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study aims to address this gap by evaluating the impact of antithrombotic therapy on both 28-day mortality and rebleeding risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study using propensity score-based methods to address confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were extracted from three independent databases (MIMIC-IV, NWICU, and Xuanwu Hospital) spanning 2008\u20132022. inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to balance baseline characteristics. Weighted logistic regression models assessed outcomes across antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and combination therapy subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjustment, the antithrombotic group maintained a significantly elevated rebleeding rate (19.9% vs 10.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and an increased risk of rebleeding (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20092.118, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.577\u20132.845,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Conversely, the 28-day mortality was significantly lower in the antithrombotic group postadjustment (8.2% vs 12.5%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022; OR\u2009=\u20090.621, 95% CI: 0.412\u20130.935,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023). Notably, early resumption of antithrombotic therapy (within 3\u2009days) significantly increased the risk of mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggests that while antithrombotic therapy reduces 28-day mortality, it significantly increases rebleeding risk. Notably, the use of anticoagulants or combination therapy is linked to the highest rebleeding risk, compared to antiplatelets. Additionally, resuming antithrombotic therapy too early (i.e., within 3\u2009days) may further elevate the risk of mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848251342864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T08:50:36Z","timestamp":1749459036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of antithrombotic therapy resumption in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3614-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ding","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45#, 100053 Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8452-6311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huihong","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45#, 100053 Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004747"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline","volume":"47","author":"Gralnek IM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gralnek IM, Dumonceau JM, Kuipers EJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Endoscopy 2015; 47: a1\u2013a46.","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","article-title":"Polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions in elderly patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"17","author":"Uskur T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Uskur T, Kurt BF. Polypharmacy and drug-drug interactions in elderly patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a single-center retrospective study. Cureus 2025; 17: e77866.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.4261"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03238-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6672440","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6672440","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the noncessation method of antithrombotic agents after emergency endoscopic hemostasis in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter pilot study","volume":"2021","author":"Yamaguchi D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamaguchi D, Tominaga N, Miyahara K, et al. Safety and efficacy of the noncessation method of antithrombotic agents after emergency endoscopic hemostasis in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter pilot study. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021: 6672440.","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","article-title":"Northwestern ICU (NWICU) database (version 0.1.0)","author":"Moukheiber D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moukheiber D, Temps W, Molgi B, et al. Northwestern ICU (NWICU) database (version 0.1.0). 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