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However, current diagnostic tools used to measure key gut functional parameters are invasive, unreliable or time-consuming. Thus, we applied a novel, non-invasive fluorescence sensing technology \u2013 transcutaneous fluorescence spectroscopy (TFS) \u2013 to investigate gut barrier function and gastric emptying in Crohn\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our study aimed to validate TFS for non-invasive gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostics and to explore changes in gut barrier function and gastric emptying rate simultaneously in Crohn\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A cross-sectional study involving patients with Crohn\u2019s disease and healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We performed fluorescent measurements and lactulose:mannitol (L:M) tests in 38 Crohn\u2019s disease patients and 20 healthy volunteers. We investigated multiple TFS-derived parameters as indicators of gut barrier function and gastric emptying rate. Using these parameters, we assessed differences between healthy volunteers, inactive Crohn\u2019s patients and active Crohn\u2019s patients, and calculated correlations between TFS and L:M values.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>TFS-derived parameters revealed significantly increased intestinal permeability and delayed gastric emptying in patients with active Crohn\u2019s compared to healthy controls. TFS trends showed encouraging alignment with those from the L:M test, suggesting potential concordance with established methods. No adverse events were reported.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>TFS enables rapid, non-invasive discrimination of Crohn\u2019s patients from healthy volunteers and allows simultaneous assessment of gut barrier function and gastric emptying rate \u2013 two important aspects of GI function in Crohn\u2019s disease. This implies potential for improved monitoring and diagnosis of Crohn\u2019s disease (and other gut disorders) as well as more advanced study of gut function in health and disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The clinical study reported in this article was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov prior to enrolment of the first participant.\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03434639\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03434639<\/jats:ext-link>\n              and Registration number: NCT03434639.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848251361634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T06:25:11Z","timestamp":1755152711000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Non-invasive fluorescence sensing reveals changes in intestinal barrier function and gastric emptying rate in a first-in-human study of Crohn\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Gan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hamlyn Centre, Institute of Global Health Innovation (IGHI), Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Department of Surgery &amp; 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