{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:29:22Z","timestamp":1790688562117,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009800","name":"Stiftelsen Professor Nanna Svartz Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009800","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Karolinska Institutet Research Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007687","name":"Svenska L\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018353","name":"European Crohn\u2019s and Colitis Organization","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003748","name":"Svenska S\u00e4llskapet f\u00f6r Medicinsk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PG-23-0315-H-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG-23-0315-H-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009782","name":"Ruth och Richard Julins Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therap Adv Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been increasingly recognized. Although inflammation is implicated in both IBD and CVD, the IBD-CVD association through the mediation of systemic inflammation remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the associations between IBD and incident CVD and examine the mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sex- and age-matched cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the UK Biobank, the study included 1494 participants with a first-ever diagnosis of IBD from 1999 to the recruitment date (2006\u20132010), and 14,940 matched reference individuals. The primary outcome was any CVD, whereas secondary outcomes included 7 major CVD categories and 19 specific CVD entities. Fifteen inflammatory biomarkers and indices measured at recruitment were included, serving as proxies of underlying inflammatory status. Cox proportional hazard model estimated the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of associations between IBD and CVD and between inflammatory biomarkers and CVD. Model-based mediation analyses were conducted to explore the potential mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers in IBD-CVD associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with reference individuals, patients with IBD had an increased risk of any CVD (HR\u2009=\u20091.34, 95%CI 1.20, 1.49), ischemic heart disease (HR\u2009=\u20091.20, 95%CI 1.02, 1.41), heart failure (HR\u2009=\u20091.61, 95%CI 1.28, 2.02), arrhythmias (HR\u2009=\u20091.34, 95%CI 1.13, 1.59), atrial fibrillation (HR\u2009=\u20091.34, 95%CI 1.11, 1.62), other supraventricular arrhythmia (HR\u2009=\u20091.83, 95%CI 1.12, 2.99), and venous thromboembolism (HR\u2009=\u20091.74, 95%CI 1.38, 2.21). The mediation proportion was generally higher in Crohn\u2019s disease and in CVD subtypes (ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias) than in venous thromboembolism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IBD is associated with various CVD outcomes, and inflammatory biomarkers mediate their associations, suggesting that reducing inflammation may help alleviate cardiac burden in patients with IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848261424145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:48:01Z","timestamp":1771922881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of inflammatory bowel disease with cardiovascular disease, and the mediating role of inflammation: a matched-cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7622-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawei","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4029-4192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola","family":"Ol\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Sachs\u2019 Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Halfvarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Sundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas F.","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, \u00d6rebro University Hospital, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels v\u00e4g 12A, Solna 17165, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00075-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30173-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3196"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaf078"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318792952"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy354"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcad059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.27106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207480"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae338"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17932"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.06.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"489","article-title":"Differential associations of chronic inflammatory diseases with incident heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Prasada S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prasada S, Rivera A, Nishtala A, et al. Differential associations of chronic inflammatory diseases with incident heart failure. Heart Fail 2020; 8: 489\u2013498.","journal-title":"Heart Fail"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl4359"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v15.i11.553"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16831"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S464471"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32545-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01170-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.698"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","author":"Audit Commission for Local Authorities and the National Health Service in England and Wales","year":"2010","unstructured":"Audit Commission for Local Authorities and the National Health Service in England and Wales. The National Health Service in England and Wales. Improving data quality in the NHS: annual report on the PbR assurance programme. Audit Commission, 2010.","journal-title":"The National Health Service in England and Wales. Improving data quality in the NHS: annual report on the PbR assurance programme"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002842"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.144055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00492-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP12215"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adt1083"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105787"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1204727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","article-title":"Long-term risk of arrhythmias in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Sun J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun J, Roelstraete B, Svennberg E, et al. Long-term risk of arrhythmias in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based, sibling-controlled cohort study. PLoS Med 2023; 20: e1004305.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1179546820955179"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1042751"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","article-title":"Navigating the gut-cardiac axis: understanding cardiovascular complications in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"Sinha T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sinha T, Zain Z, Bokhari SFH, et al. Navigating the gut-cardiac axis: understanding cardiovascular complications in inflammatory bowel disease. Cureus 2024; 16: e55268.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","first-page":"529","article-title":"Mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"Panaccione R.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Panaccione R. Mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2013; 9: 529\u2013532.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.183"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-313235"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00919-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00440-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00714-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00552-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.70035"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17562848261424145","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17562848261424145","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17562848261424145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:53:50Z","timestamp":1773222830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17562848261424145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17562848261424145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562848261424145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-2848","1756-2848"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-2848","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-2848","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"article-number":"17562848261424145"}}