{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:56:09Z","timestamp":1781758569449,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therap Adv Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biologics and small-molecule therapies are widely used for ulcerative colitis (UC), but their comparative effectiveness in anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-exposed patients is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and tofacitinib in anti-TNF-experienced patients with UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter retrospective observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A multicenter retrospective cohort of anti-TNF-experienced UC patients treated with vedolizumab (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009260), tofacitinib (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009149), or ustekinumab (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009193) was analyzed. Partial Mayo Score (pMayo), endoscopic remission, and biomarker response were assessed at baseline, 12, 24, and 52\u2009weeks, respectively. Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (IPTW) was applied to balance baseline characteristics, and longitudinal changes were analyzed using repeated-measures general linear models with post hoc corrections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After IPTW adjustment, at week 52, clinical remission was highest with tofacitinib compared with ustekinumab (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and vedolizumab (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Steroid-free clinical remission showed a similar pattern (tofacitinib vs ustekinumab:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006; tofacitinib vs vedolizumab:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant differences in biochemical remission were found across groups at week 52 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.931). Endoscopic remission favored vedolizumab over ustekinumab and tofacitinib (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Subgroup analyses revealed superior tofacitinib performance in extensive colitis and in patients with \u2a7e2 prior biologic classes (vs vedolizumab:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.089; vs ustekinumab:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Adverse events were infrequent and similar across groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In anti-TNF-experienced UC patients, tofacitinib was associated with higher long-term clinical and steroid-free remission rates, ustekinumab showed intermediate effectiveness with a favorable safety profile, while vedolizumab was associated with higher endoscopic remission. These findings may help inform individualized, outcome-oriented treatment strategies, but they should be interpreted with caution and confirmed in prospective head-to-head studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562848261455563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:28:43Z","timestamp":1781522923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An inverse probability of treatment weighted comparison between vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and tofacitinib in anti-TNF-experienced ulcerative colitis patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5767-5541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Tursi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Territorial Gastroenterology Service, Barletta-Andria-Trani Local Health Agency, Via Torino, 49, Andria (BT) 76123, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pasta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, IRCCS Ospedale \u201cSan Martino\u201d Hospital, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Elisei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, A.O. \u201cS. Camillo-Forlanini\u201d Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3164-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigida","family":"Barberio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9816-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Universit\u00e0 di Padova, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giammarco","family":"Mocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, AORN \u201cBrotzu\u201d Hospital, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Maconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, \u201cL. Sacco\u201d University Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonietta Gerarda","family":"Gravina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Bodini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC di Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, IRCCS Ospedale \u201cSan Martino\u201d Hospital, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Diseases Centre (CEMAD), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. 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