{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:15:40Z","timestamp":1787019340208,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMRP 274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMRP 274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3F2211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3F2211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Neurol Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of different antihypertensive drugs in stable patients after acute hemorrhagic stroke (HS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From January 2001 to December 2013, patients with first-ever primary HS were identified in the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan. Patients with traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage and secondary HS were excluded. Those with first-ever HS were recruited and classified into three groups: (1) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor\/angiotensin receptor blocker (ACEI\/ARB); (2) calcium channel blocker (CCB); and (3) other antihypertensive drugs (comparison) groups. Propensity score matching was used to balance the distribution of baseline characteristics, stroke severity, and medications between any two of the three groups. A validation study was performed using the databank of the Stroke Registry in Chang-Gung Healthcare System to reduce the bias. Primary outcomes were recurrent HS, ischemic stroke, any stroke, and all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the comparison group, the ACEI\/ARB group [35.4% versus 39.3%; hazard ratio (HR), 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74\u20130.95] and CCB group (33.0% versus 41.9%; HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64\u20130.81) had a lower risk of all-cause mortality during long-term follow up. The CCB group had a similar risk of all-cause mortality to the ACEI\/ARB group. Risks of recurrent HS, ischemic stroke, or any stroke were not different between the study groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antihypertensive drug class could be important to long-term outcomes in HS patients in addition to the target control of blood pressure. Both ACEIs\/ARBs and CCBs are associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality. Our results may be applied to inform future research on hypertensive control in HS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286418802688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T06:06:38Z","timestamp":1538114798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Choices for long-term hypertensive control in patients after first-ever hemorrhagic stroke: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8965-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Hung","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Division of Medical 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