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Similarly, some systemic conditions may be complicated by comorbid peripheral neuropathies, surveillance for which is indicated. The systemic conditions addressed in this review are critical illness polyneuropathy, chronic renal failure, endocrine disorders such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, vitamin deficiency states, malignancies and reticuloses, sickle cell disease, neurofibromatosis, connective tissue disorders, bowel dysmotility and enteropathy, and sarcoidosis. In some disorders presymptomatic screening should be undertaken, while in others there is no benefit from early detection of neuropathy. In children with idiopathic peripheral neuropathies, systemic disorders such as celiac disease should be actively excluded. While management is predominantly focused on symptomatic care through pain control and rehabilitation, some neuropathies improve with effective control of the underlying etiology and in a small proportion a more targeted approach is possible. In conclusion, peripheral neuropathies can be associated with a diverse range of medical conditions and unless actively considered may not be recognized and inadequately managed. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419866367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,12]],"date-time":"2019-08-12T08:53:57Z","timestamp":1565600037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Peripheral nerve disease secondary to systemic conditions in children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7328-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo M.","family":"Wilmshurst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s, Hospital Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Klipfontein Road, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7700, South 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