{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:37:41Z","timestamp":1753882661889,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC-TR 128 to TU, MM, SG, FZ, SGM, SB and VF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC-TR 128 to TU, MM, SG, FZ, SGM, SB and VF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Neurol Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and distinct intra-retinal layers are both promising biomarkers of neuro-axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to unravel the association of both markers in early MS, having identified that neurofilament has a distinct immunohistochemical expression pattern among intra-retinal layers. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Three-dimensional (3D) spectral domain macular optical coherence tomography scans and sNfL levels were investigated in 156 early MS patients (female\/male: 109\/47, mean age: 33.3\u2009\u00b1\u20099.5\u2009years, mean disease duration: 2.0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3\u2009years). Out of the whole cohort, 110 patients had no history of optic neuritis (NHON) and 46 patients had a previous history of optic neuritis (HON). In addition, a subgroup of patients ( n\u2009=\u200938) was studied longitudinally over 2\u2009years. Support vector machine analysis was applied to test a regression model for significant changes. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> In our cohort, HON patients had a thinner outer plexiform layer (OPL) volume compared to NHON patients ( B\u2009=\u2009\u22120.016, SE\u2009=\u20090.006, p\u2009=\u20090.013). Higher sNfL levels were significantly associated with thinner OPL volumes in HON patients ( B\u2009=\u2009\u22126.734, SE\u2009=\u20092.514, p\u2009=\u20090.011). This finding was corroborated in the longitudinal subanalysis by the association of higher sNfL levels with OPL atrophy ( B\u2009=\u20095.974, SE\u2009=\u20092.420, p\u2009=\u20090.019). sNfL levels were 75.7% accurate at predicting OPL volume in the supervised machine learning. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p> In summary, sNfL levels were a good predictor of future outer retinal thinning in MS. Changes within the neurofilament-rich OPL could be considered as an additional retinal marker linked to MS neurodegeneration. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211003478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T10:05:53Z","timestamp":1621937153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Serum neurofilament levels reflect outer retinal layer changes in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3086-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caspar B.","family":"Seitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6158-2663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthuraman","family":"Muthuraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Uphaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweizer-Campus, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven G.","family":"Meuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweizer-Campus, M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergiu","family":"Groppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Zipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3293-5121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinzenz","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, 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