{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:47:06Z","timestamp":1777636026428,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Neurol Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS) in childhood and adolescence occurs in 3%\u22125% of all MS cases. However, the immunomodulatory and symptomatic treatment options in this population group are still limited. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We aimed to elucidate the prescription frequency of medications used in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) compared with the general population, considering the entire spectrum of medications prescribed. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Based on nationwide outpatient drug prescription data and statutory health insurance (SHI) physicians\u2019 claims data from 2018, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in Germany. Children and adolescents aged \u2a7d17 years ( n\u2009=\u200911,381,939) diagnosed with MS ( n\u2009=\u2009613), and a matched (age, sex, and health insurance sector) control group ( n\u2009=\u20096130) were included. The prescription prevalence was measured as the proportion of MS patients with \u2a7e1 prescription. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Of the 613 pediatric PwMS with a median age of 16 years, 403 (65.7%) were female. For 15 out of the 18 different active agents analyzed, PwMS had a significantly higher prescription prevalence than the control group (Fisher\u2019s exact test: p\u2009\u2a7d\u20090.037). The most frequently prescribed drugs in PwMS were ibuprofen (28.4%; anti-inflammatory drug), cholecalciferol (23.0%; vitamin D3), and interferon beta-1a (21.5%; disease-modifying drug, DMD). The proportions of DMD prescriptions and antibiotic prescriptions were higher among PwMS aged 15\u201317 years than among those \u2a7d14 years (DMD: 43.4% vs 34.2%, p\u2009=\u20090.05; antibiotic: 34.1% vs 24.8%, p\u2009=\u20090.031). In contrast, younger PwMS were more likely to receive a prescription for anti-inflammatory\/anti-rheumatic drugs (36.6% vs 26.5%, p\u2009=\u20090.02). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Our study analyzing real-world medication data showed that interferon beta, anti-inflammatory drugs, and vitamins play an essential role in the treatment of pediatric PwMS. Future research should evaluate longitudinal treatment patterns of pediatric PwMS, paying particular attention to the time of diagnosis, time of first DMD initiation, and therapy switches. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211048336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T17:25:29Z","timestamp":1633713929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Treatment patterns in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis in Germany\u2014a nationwide claim-based analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4655-774X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niklas","family":"Frahm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs- gGmbH (MS Research and Project Development gGmbH [MSFP]), Krausenstr. 50, Hannover, 30171, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Versorgungsforschung mbH (Society for Health Care Research [GfV]), Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"B\u00e4tzing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 5, Epidemiology & Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in the Federal Republic of Germany (Zi), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ellenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs- gGmbH (MS Research and Project Development gGmbH [MSFP]), Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manas K.","family":"Akmatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 5, Epidemiology & Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in the Federal Republic of Germany (Zi), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsche Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft, Bundesverband e.V. (German Multiple Sclerosis Society [DMSG]), Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5209-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulus S.","family":"Rommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaNeuroimmunological Section, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Stahmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs- gGmbH (MS Research and Project Development gGmbH [MSFP]), Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe K.","family":"Zettl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunological Section, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Holstiege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 5, Epidemiology & Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in the Federal Republic of Germany (Zi), Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17562864211048336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30481-1"},{"key":"bibr2-17562864211048336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518799580"},{"key":"bibr3-17562864211048336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1026-3"},{"key":"bibr4-17562864211048336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15015"},{"key":"bibr5-17562864211048336","unstructured":"Huppke DP, G\u00e4rtner DJ. 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