{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T15:47:40Z","timestamp":1793375260954,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81571275, 11932003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571275, 11932003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Neurol Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Epilepsy is one of the important long-term sequelae of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and is typically characterized by drug resistance and poor surgical outcomes. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising neuromodulation therapy for refractory epilepsy. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The present study aimed to first evaluate the effectiveness of VNS in patients with refractory HIE-induced epilepsy and scrutinize potential clinical predictors. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> We retrospectively collected the outcomes of VNS in all patients with refractory HIE-induced epilepsy and at least 2\u2009years of follow-up. Subgroups were classified as responders and nonresponders according to the effectiveness of VNS (\u2a7e50% or\u2009&lt;50% reduction in seizure frequency). Preoperative data were analyzed to screen for potential predictors of VNS effectiveness. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A total of 55 patients with refractory HIE-induced epilepsy who underwent VNS therapy were enrolled. Responders represented 56.4% of patients, and 12.7% of patients achieved seizure freedom at the last follow-up. In addition, the responder rate increased over time with rates of 23.6%, 38.2%, 50.9%, and 56.4% at the 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-ups, respectively. After multivariate analysis, neonatal seizure was identified as a negative predictor (OR: 4.640, 95% CI: 1.129\u201319.066), and a predominant seizure type of generalized onset was identified as a positive predictor (OR: 0.261, 95% CI: 0.078\u20130.873) of VNS effectiveness. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> VNS therapy was effective in patients with refractory HIE-induced epilepsy and was well tolerated over a 2-year follow-up period. VNS therapy demonstrated better effectiveness in patients without neonatal seizures or with a predominant seizure type of generalized onset. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864221144351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T11:39:44Z","timestamp":1671622784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation therapy in refractory hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy-induced epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mengyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongyang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuguang","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoming","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Research, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, XiangshanYikesong 50, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China"},{"name":"Department of Brain Institute, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing 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