{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:39:42Z","timestamp":1768869582756,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava","award":["VEGA 01\/0092\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 01\/0092\/22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Neurol Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Alemtuzumab (ALEM) is a humanised monoclonal antibody that depletes circulating lymphocytes by selectively targeting CD52, which is expressed in high levels on T- and B-lymphocytes. This depletion is followed by lymphocyte repopulation and a cytokine expression shift towards a lesser inflammatory profile, both of which may contribute to prolonged efficacy. National recommendations for enrolling and treating multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with ALEM have been established. However, there are no recommendations in place for the treatment of MS reactivation after the ALEM treatment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p> To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the use of ALEM and to analyse subsequent disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). A multidimensional prediction model was developed to make a patient-specific prognosis regarding the response to ALEM. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A multicentre, prospective, non-controlled, non-interventional, observational cohort study. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Relapsing multiple sclerosis patients (RMSp) who received \u2a7e1 dose of ALEM were enrolled. In each treatment year, the following baseline and prospective data were collected: age, MS history, number, type and duration of previous disease-modifying treatment (PDMT), relapse rate (REL), expanded disability status scale (EDSS), magnetic resonance imaging and serious adverse events (AE). In cases of reactivation of MS, all data about the subsequent DMT were collected. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A total of 142 RMSp from 10 MS Slovak Centres fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The average age was 35\u2009years (standard error 8.56). The overall average EDSS was 3.87 (1.46) when ALEM was started. The average duration of PDMT was 6.0 (4.04)\u2009years, and the median number of PDMTs was 3 (0\u20135), while the patients were mostly treated with 2 or 3 DMTs (&gt;65.00%). Post-ALEM treatment was needed in 39 cases (27.46%). The most frequent post-ALEM treatment indicated was ocrelizumab, followed by natalizumab (NAT), siponimod and cladribine. The ocrelizumab and NAT treatment bring little benefit to patients. Siponimod showed less EDSS increase in contrast to ocrelizumab and NAT. Another repopulation therapy, cladribine, may also be an effective option. Statistically significant predictors for the expected EDSS are age ( p-value &lt;0.0001), number of ALEM cycles (0.0066), high number of PDMT (0.0459) and the occurrence of relapses (&lt;0.0001). There was no statistically significant effect on the patient\u2019s gender (0.6038), duration of disease-modifying treatment before alemtuzumab (0.4466), or the occurrence of AE (0.6668). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The study confirms the positive effect of ALEM on clinical and radiological outcomes. We need more data from long-term sequencing studies. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864241285556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T18:13:34Z","timestamp":1730139214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of alemtuzumab-suitable multiple sclerosis patients in Slovakia and sequencing of post-alemtuzumab immunomodulatory treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4305-3607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ema","family":"Kantorov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala hora 4, Martin 036 01, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"V\u00edtkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Martin\u00edkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, F.D. Roosevelt University Hospital in Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cimprichov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital in Trenc\u02c7\u00edn, Trenc\u02c7\u00edn, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Fedic\u02c7ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slavom\u00edra","family":"Kov\u00e1c\u02c7ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Mako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, Trnava University in Trnava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Cis\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, Trnava University in Trnava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viera","family":"Hanc\u02c7inov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I. Clinic of Neurology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarmila","family":"Szilasiov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, Pavol Jozef \u0160af\u00e1rik University in Ko\u0161ice, Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Koleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Military Hospital Ru\u017eomberok, Ru\u017eomberok, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Roh\u00e1I\u02c7ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Military Hospital Ru\u017eomberok, Ru\u017eomberok, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Pol\u00f3niov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Military Hospital Ru\u017eomberok, Ru\u017eomberok, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Karl\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"II. 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