{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:28:29Z","timestamp":1791912509027,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3501303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3501305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3501305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Neurol Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Efgartigimod is an approved biologic for generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), which is an autoimmune disease and can potentially be life-threatening. However, the therapeutic response to efgartigimod among the acetylcholine receptor gMG (AChR-gMG) subtypes remains inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the patterns and predictors for the therapeutic response to efgartigimod among AChR-gMG subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, observational study included AChR-gMG patients treated with efgartigimod at 15 centers in China with a follow-up for at least 20\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the proportion of minimal symptom expression (MSE) responders, denoted by a Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) score of 0 or 1 within 4\u2009weeks and maintained for \u2a7e4\u2009weeks. AChR antibody-positive MG (AChR-MG) subtypes were classified into early onset myasthenia gravis (EOMG), late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG), and thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG). The predictive factors for MSE responders were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred sixteen patients were included with a median follow-up duration of 238\u2009days (172.5\u2013306.3). There were 50 (43.1%) patients with EOMG, 28 (24.1%) with LOMG and 38 (32.8%) with TAMG. After efgartigimod initiation, 35 (30.2%) patients were MSE responders, and the proportion of MSE responders was highest in the LOMG group (42.9%). The MG-ADL score reduction in the LOMG group was more significant than in the EOMG group by weeks 16 and 20 (both\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022). Response patterns to efgartigimod among the AChR-MG subtypes differed as measured by the proportion of improved patients and MSE. LOMG presented sustained symptom control, while EOMG and TAMG showed more fluctuations. Eight TAMG patients (21.1%) switched to another biologic (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Baseline MG-ADL was an independent predictor for therapeutic response to efgartigimod (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings revealed patterns of treatment responses among AChR-gMG subtypes, with LOMG patients potentially presenting a more sustained response. These findings likely provide preliminary data for precision therapy in MG in the era of biologics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT04535843.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864251319656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T08:25:53Z","timestamp":1739867153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Patterns and predictors of therapeutic response to efgartigimod in acetylcholine receptor-antibody generalized myasthenia gravis subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9052-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huashan Rare Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangyu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5652-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinzhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshuang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hongkong University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Myopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianquan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 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Qingdao, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6253-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhouao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6422-8491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1868-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 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