{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T01:35:50Z","timestamp":1794274550606,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Neurol Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The introduction of numerous therapeutic advancements in the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) may add difficulties in clinical decision-making, especially when no recommendations tailored to the local context are available. For this reason, the Saudi Arabia Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine (SANEM) chapter of the Saudi Neurology Society launched an initiative to discuss and agree on issues related to the management of MG in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. An expert panel from all GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and Oman) was formed to develop practical recommendations using the Delphi method to facilitate the management approach of MG and enhance patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864251346333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T04:02:47Z","timestamp":1750996967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of myasthenia gravis by the Saudi Arabia Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine and neuromuscular specialists from the Gulf Cooperation Council region"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6144-8819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Mohammed","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Alanazy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed","family":"Alabdali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad R.","family":"Abuzinadah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysha","family":"Alshareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Neurology Division, Neuromuscular Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Abulaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs\u2014King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Neurology Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed A.","family":"AlRoughani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatema Mohamed","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali M. A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Sheikh Tahnoun bin Mohammed Medical City, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ibrahim","family":"Alhatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Aisha Bint Hamad Al Attiyah Hospital, Tinbak, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubaker","family":"Almadani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhail Abdulla","family":"Alrukn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taoufik","family":"Alsaadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, American Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Mohammed","family":"Al Salti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Khoula Hospital\u2014Ministry of Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Shatila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona Chetan","family":"Thakre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Park View Mediclinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mossaed","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatmah","family":"Alzahmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Park View Mediclinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"AlHajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Itkan Health Consulting Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alanood A.","family":"Alsolaihim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen","family":"Alamro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muteb Khidhran","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areej Abdulrahman","family":"Bushnag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed K.","family":"Bamaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Division, Pediatric Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Al","family":"Jumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Itkan Health Consulting Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Beloor Suresh A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beloor Suresh A, Asuncion R. Myasthenia gravis [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. StatPearls [Internet] Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03185-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31815d4398"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2840"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00604"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10891-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0167-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2020.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002887"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011124"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2020-0145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Myasthenia gravis: experience in a University Hospital","author":"Abdul Salam AS","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abdul Salam AS, Olajide B, Hassan I. Myasthenia gravis: experience in a University Hospital. Bahrain Med Bull 1996; 18: 52\u201356."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03446-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12739"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864231213240"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0b013e31828d9fec"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00660"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI66039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65645-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-44"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23882"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24745"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Datta N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Datta N, Hoke A. Repetitive nerve stimulation. StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1140"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.78058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001126"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073274819865281"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27774"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0000000000000156"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.7.1487"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.10.1316"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","volume-title":"The Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) test: the manual","author":"Barohn R","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barohn R, Herbelin L. The Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) test: the manual. St. Paul, MN: Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America, Inc., 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25948"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26435"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8045-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24769"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116740"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","unstructured":"Hodgens A Sharman T. Corticosteroids. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK545196\/ (2023 accessed 18 March 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14547"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2022.2084074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116648"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002790"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1778"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","unstructured":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolic acid: new pregnancy prevention advice for women and men [Internet]. London: GOV.UK https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/drug-safety-update\/mycophenolate-mofetil-mycophenolic-acid-new-pregnancy-prevention-advice-for-women-and-men (2015 accessed 21 March 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000312374.95186.cc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00028-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198703193161205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22937.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8616-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_97_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.839075"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004341"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.2887"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00538"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","first-page":"1637","article-title":"FcRn inhibitors: a novel option for the treatment of myasthenia gravis","volume":"18","author":"Zhu LN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu LN, Hou HM, Wang S, et al. FcRn inhibitors: a novel option for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18: 1637\u20131644.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00917"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007600"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00159-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03198.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30369-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26447"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2100066"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11699-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00080-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1213920"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-02-412080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13522"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S377056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1404191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285617749134"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27832"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602489"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00145-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20386"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2019.1600404"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2023.44.1.20220465"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17562864251346333","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17562864251346333","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17562864251346333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:06:18Z","timestamp":1767675978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17562864251346333"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17562864251346333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562864251346333","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-2864","1756-2864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-2864","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-2864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"article-number":"17562864251346333"}}