{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T08:31:40Z","timestamp":1786609900526,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ther Adv Neurol Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium affects 10\u201330% of acute stroke patients, is associated with poor outcomes and places a substantial burden on healthcare staff. Evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies are limited, resulting in heterogeneous and poorly standardised delirium management in acute stroke care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to describe real-world delirium management in German and Austrian stroke units (SUs) and to delineate the extent of practice variation in prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional, web-based survey of stroke neurologists working at SUs in Austria and Germany.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 30-item questionnaire assessed professional background, delirium prevention and pharmacological treatment approaches. Descriptive statistics and exploratory subgroup analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy responses from 63 SUs were analysed (median physician SU experience, 14.5\u2009years). Delirium was estimated to affect 20% of patients and was perceived as highly burdensome for both physicians and nurses (median score, 9\/10 each). Delirium prevention measures were established in 42 (67%) SUs but routinely applied to all patients in only 12 (19%), mainly due to staffing shortages (nurses, 48%; physicians, 25%). Pharmacological delirium treatment was reported by all respondents. Benzodiazepines were preferred for alcohol withdrawal delirium (60%) and antipsychotics for hyperactive or mixed delirium (59%). \u03b12-Agonists were the most common escalation therapy across these subtypes (46%\u201367%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium management in German and Austrian SUs is highly heterogeneous, limited by staffing constraints and strongly relies on non-evidence-based pharmacological strategies. These findings highlight critical gaps in care and call for enhanced staffing and stroke-specific trials to inform evidence-based delirium management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864261464310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T08:49:51Z","timestamp":1786438191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current practices in delirium prevention and treatment after acute stroke: results of a multicentre survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6334-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Kneihsl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, Graz 8036, Austria"},{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2399-3020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annerose","family":"Mengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University of T\u00fcbingen, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, T\u00fcbingen 72074, Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sumerauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Cavalieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-6576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Gattringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Enzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfried","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Knoflach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VASCage \u2013 Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Katan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Else","family":"Sandset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Fleischmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Barmherzige Br\u00fcder Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems \u2013 tenth revision","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"1993","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO). International statistical classification of diseases and health related problems \u2013 tenth revision. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1993."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988713481265"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11309-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S227755"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Delirium: prevention diagnosis and management. NICE https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg103 (2019 accessed 3 January 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864241258788"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2025.103871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06737-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.108221"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1486726"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903043400901"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","article-title":"Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients","volume":"11","author":"Burton JK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burton JK, Craig L, Yong SQ, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 11(11): CD013307.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","article-title":"Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients","volume":"3","author":"Siddiqi N","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siddiqi N, Harrison JK, Clegg A, et al. Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 3: CD005563.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1170-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000356"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-024-01122-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.25182013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1605501"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17562864261464310","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/17562864261464310","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/17562864261464310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T08:17:36Z","timestamp":1786609056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17562864261464310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/17562864261464310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562864261464310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-2864","1756-2864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-2864","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-2864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"article-number":"17562864261464310"}}