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Continuous outcomes were synthesized as mean differences (MD) in change-from-baseline, and dichotomous outcomes were synthesized as odds ratios (OR), each with 95% credible intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 16 eligible RCTs involving 4,158 patients were included. For the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), GV-971 (vs placebo; MD -1.85, 95% CI -2.89 to -0.82) and tramiprosate (vs placebo; MD -0.83, 95% CI -1.63 to -0.02) significantly improved cognitive function. For the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), rifampicin (vs placebo; MD 1.90, 95% CI 0.25 to 3.56) was associated with greater improvement in MMSE scores, whereas tramiprosate (vs placebo; MD -2.40, 95% CI -4.67 to -0.09) was associated with poorer cognitive performance. No statistically significant differences among drugs were observed for the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) or for the incidence of adverse events. Overall, treatment effects were outcome-dependent, with significant benefits observed mainly in ADAS-Cog and MMSE, whereas no intervention demonstrated consistent superiority across all cognitive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Marine-derived drugs showed generally acceptable safety and potential cognitive benefits in selected outcomes. GV-971 and tramiprosate improved ADAS-Cog scores, while rifampicin therapy showed a possible MMSE benefit. However, no intervention was consistently superior across cognitive outcomes, and the antibiotic finding was based on a single small trial. Current evidence is therefore insufficient to identify the optimal marine-derived therapy for AD, highlighting the need for larger, adequately powered RCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864261476868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T13:06:31Z","timestamp":1786194391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the cognitive efficacy of marine-derived drugs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhaoming","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanmo","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Nong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanchi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouqing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7342-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101994"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32205-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06661-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30440-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/REGENMED.REGENMED-D-24-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804766-8.00013-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110313"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07891-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-111317-095850"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170161"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-2-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2024.2409869"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.124081"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4899"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","first-page":"CD009002","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia","volume":"4","author":"Burckhardt M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burckhardt M, Herke M, Wustmann T, et al. 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