{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:18:05Z","timestamp":1791271085172,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder, has a direct effect on bladder function. Interstitial cystitis is a syndrome characterized by urinary bladder pain and irritative symptoms of more than 6 months duration. It commonly occurs in young to middle-aged women with no known cause and in fact represents a diagnosis of exclusion. Many factors have been suggested, including chronic or subclinical infection, autoimmunity and genetic susceptibility, which could be responsible for initiating the inflammatory response. However, a central role of inflammation has been confirmed in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis. Patients with interstitial cystitis are usually managed with multimodal therapy to break the vicious cycle of chronic inflammation at every step. Patients who develop irreversible pathologies such as fibrosis are managed surgically, which is usually reserved for refractory cases. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287211398255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]],"date-time":"2011-03-08T13:00:20Z","timestamp":1299589220000},"page":"19-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":191,"title":["Role of inflammation in bladder function and interstitial cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sonal","family":"Grover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh K.","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis E.","family":"Te","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-9_Part_2-200105011-00011"},{"key":"bibr2-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00033-0"},{"key":"bibr3-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00629-X"},{"key":"bibr4-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052"},{"key":"bibr5-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20247"},{"key":"bibr6-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80332-X"},{"key":"bibr7-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64750-7"},{"key":"bibr8-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02135.x"},{"key":"bibr9-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65663-7"},{"key":"bibr10-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200312000-00011"},{"key":"bibr11-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200203000-00022"},{"key":"bibr12-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.7665"},{"key":"bibr13-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00490.x"},{"key":"bibr14-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1994.74.1.95"},{"key":"bibr15-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)00171-0"},{"key":"bibr16-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb07635.x"},{"key":"bibr17-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000053863.96967.5a"},{"key":"bibr18-1756287211398255","first-page":"4536","volume":"16","author":"Cox M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"bibr19-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91487-9"},{"key":"bibr20-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00575-1"},{"key":"bibr21-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67594-3"},{"key":"bibr22-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(92)90019-5"},{"key":"bibr23-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520138"},{"key":"bibr24-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1993.1087"},{"key":"bibr25-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01128-1"},{"key":"bibr26-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.09.029"},{"key":"bibr27-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65984-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr28-1756287211398255","first-page":"S16","volume":"4","author":"Evans R.J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"bibr29-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.05.048"},{"key":"bibr30-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49222-6"},{"key":"bibr31-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1110"},{"key":"bibr32-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66137-8"},{"key":"bibr33-1756287211398255","first-page":"208","volume":"70","author":"Hunner G.L.","year":"1918","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bibr34-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(01)00006-9"},{"key":"bibr35-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-006-0051-8"},{"key":"bibr36-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62164-5"},{"key":"bibr37-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanno, P., Keay, S., Moldwin, R. and Van Ophoven, A. (2005) International Consultation on IC\u2009-\u2009Rome, September 2004\/Forging an International Consensus: progress in painful bladder syndrome\/interstitial cystitis. Report and abstracts. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 16(Suppl. 1): S2\u2013S34.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-1301-x"},{"key":"bibr38-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00596-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr39-1756287211398255","first-page":"S3","volume":"4","author":"Hanno P.M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"bibr40-1756287211398255","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Campbell's Urology","author":"Hanno P.M.","year":"2007","edition":"9"},{"key":"bibr41-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41029-9"},{"key":"bibr42-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-200093020-00021"},{"key":"bibr43-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)83033-6"},{"key":"bibr44-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000144761.69398.be"},{"key":"bibr45-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198009000-00011"},{"key":"bibr46-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-007-9181-2"},{"key":"bibr47-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)40201-1"},{"key":"bibr48-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80327-6"},{"key":"bibr49-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079905X38178"},{"key":"bibr50-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1983.tb03356.x"},{"key":"bibr51-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66980-7"},{"key":"bibr52-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08467.x"},{"key":"bibr53-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61950-5"},{"key":"bibr54-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00587-5"},{"key":"bibr55-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36120-7"},{"key":"bibr56-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01141-4"},{"key":"bibr57-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123729"},{"key":"bibr58-1756287211398255","first-page":"493","volume":"171","author":"Lilly J.D.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"bibr59-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1997.00097.x"},{"key":"bibr60-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(02)00055-1"},{"key":"bibr61-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38313-1"},{"key":"bibr62-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1998.00507.x"},{"key":"bibr63-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90086-8"},{"key":"bibr64-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000152337.82806.e8"},{"key":"bibr65-1756287211398255","first-page":"1199","volume":"64","author":"Metts J.F.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr66-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200203000-00027"},{"key":"bibr67-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65933-0"},{"key":"bibr68-1756287211398255","first-page":"2430","volume":"46","author":"Nickel J.C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr69-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(03)00151-2"},{"key":"bibr70-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.10.071"},{"key":"bibr71-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000169258.31345.5d"},{"key":"bibr72-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80333-1"},{"key":"bibr73-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2005.04.011"},{"key":"bibr74-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07303.x"},{"key":"bibr75-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1995.tb07384.x"},{"key":"bibr76-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00032-6"},{"key":"bibr77-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200203000-00025"},{"key":"bibr78-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01829-0"},{"key":"bibr79-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01586-2"},{"key":"bibr80-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63178-1"},{"key":"bibr81-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.27.3.876-881.1980"},{"key":"bibr82-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920070019"},{"key":"bibr83-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310008721"},{"key":"bibr84-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67873-1"},{"key":"bibr85-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41478-9"},{"key":"bibr86-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64682-2"},{"key":"bibr87-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0501-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr88-1756287211398255","first-page":"S36","volume":"4","author":"Peters K.M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"bibr89-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000176747.40242.3d"},{"key":"bibr90-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68243-2"},{"key":"bibr91-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000181203.82693.95"},{"key":"bibr92-1756287211398255","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Hyperalgesia and Allodynia","author":"Ruda M.A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr93-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-008-0054-8"},{"key":"bibr94-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000181808.45786.84"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr95-1756287211398255","first-page":"S9","volume":"4","author":"Sant G.R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"bibr96-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01131-1"},{"key":"bibr97-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.08.1109"},{"key":"bibr98-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00590-5"},{"key":"bibr99-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)47506-9"},{"key":"bibr100-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2006.02.029"},{"key":"bibr101-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80334-3"},{"key":"bibr102-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000153612.14639.19"},{"key":"bibr103-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(96)00239-7"},{"key":"bibr104-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2004.12.016"},{"key":"bibr105-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000135009.55905.cb"},{"key":"bibr106-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68801-5"},{"key":"bibr107-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.041"},{"key":"bibr108-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.09.007"},{"key":"bibr109-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01129-3"},{"key":"bibr110-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67669-9"},{"key":"bibr111-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.1.5660"},{"key":"bibr112-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02031.x"},{"key":"bibr113-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90247-9"},{"key":"bibr114-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90948-B"},{"key":"bibr115-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.09.019"},{"key":"bibr116-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)01113-4"},{"key":"bibr117-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000176741.10094.e0"},{"key":"bibr118-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)69094-3"},{"key":"bibr119-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000132388.54703.4d"},{"key":"bibr120-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.10.062"},{"key":"bibr121-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.08.027"},{"key":"bibr122-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01120-7"},{"key":"bibr123-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62376-0"},{"key":"bibr124-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3293-6_1"},{"key":"bibr125-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00601-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr126-1756287211398255","first-page":"S28","volume":"4","author":"Whitmore K.E.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"bibr127-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05519.x"},{"key":"bibr128-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90100-C"},{"key":"bibr129-1756287211398255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2042.10.s1.12.x"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1756287211398255","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1756287211398255","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1756287211398255","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T10:21:29Z","timestamp":1740910889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1756287211398255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1756287211398255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756287211398255","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-2872","1756-2880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-2872","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-2880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}}}