{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:39:43Z","timestamp":1787855983284,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> As urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) has no specific clinical features, it is often overlooked. To identify some of the reasons for misdiagnosing UGTB we performed a systematic review. We searched in Medline\/PubMed papers with keywords \u2018urogenital tuberculosis, rare\u2019 and \u2018urogenital tuberculosis, unusual\u2019. \u2018Urogenital tuberculosis, rare\u2019 presented 230 articles and \u2018urogenital tuberculosis, unusual\u2019 presented 81 articles only, a total of 311 papers. A total of 34 papers were duplicated and so were excluded from the review. In addition, we excluded from the analysis 33 papers on epidemiological studies and literature reviews, papers describing non-TB cases and cases of TB another than urogenital organs (48 articles), cases of congenital TB (three articles), UGTB as a case of concomitant disease (16 articles), and UGTB as a complication of BCG-therapy (eight articles). We also excluded 22 articles dedicated to complications of the therapy, which made a total of 164 articles. Among the remaining 147 articles we selected 43 which described really unusual, difficult to diagnose cases. We also included in our review a WHO report from 2014, and one scientific monograph on TB urology. The most frequent reasons for delayed diagnosis were absence typical clinical features of UGTB, and the tendency of UGTB to hide behind the mask of another disease. We can conclude that actually UGTB is not rare disease, but it is often an overlooked disease. The main reasons for delayed diagnosis are vague, atypical clinical features and a low index of suspicion. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287215592604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T01:10:41Z","timestamp":1436922641000},"page":"331-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Diseases masking and delaying the diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Kulchavenya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novosibirsk Research TB Institute, Urogenital Clinic, Novosibirsk Medical University, Okhotskaya 81-a, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Kholtobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novosibirsk Research TB Institute, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Novosibirsk State 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