{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:40:32Z","timestamp":1790732432861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromodulation is recommended by major international guidelines as a fourth-line treatment in bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis (BPS\/IC) patients after failure of behavioural, oral and intravesical pharmacological treatments, including hydrodistension. A non-systematic review of studies identified by electronic search of MEDLINE was performed with no time limitation. A narrative synthesis of the existing evidence regarding the results of sacral, tibial and pudendal nerve stimulation in the management of BPS\/IC was developed. Neuromodulation in pelvic chronic pain disorders, including BPS\/IC, is a useful tool for refractory patients to conventional treatments. Sacral neuromodulation may be effective in patients with BPS without Hunner\u2019s lesions, and the effect seems to be maintained in the mid- and long-term. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation can be offered to patients with BPS\/IC in the context of a multidisciplinary approach. When pudendal neuralgia is suspected, selective pudendal nerve stimulation has a high response rate. The aetiology of the pain can influence the outcomes in the mid- and long-term of the different neuromodulation approaches, thus careful diagnosis is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562872221135941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T02:03:51Z","timestamp":1669082631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Current role of neuromodulation in bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8566-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Padilla-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, Carretera La Cuesta, s\/n, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna 38320, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Cirug\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4484-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Castro-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Cirug\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17562872221135941","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23072"},{"key":"bibr2-17562872221135941","unstructured":"Engeler D, Baranowski AP, Berghmans B, et al. 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