{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:28:34Z","timestamp":1790634514881,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) laser therapy is an emerging treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the efficacy of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>laser therapy for management of SUI-related symptoms in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources and methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four databases were screened until January 2023. All efficacy continuous endpoints were assessed via subtraction of the posttreatment from pretreatment values. The data were summarized as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 15 studies with 700 patients were analyzed. CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>laser therapy significantly decreased the 1-h pad weights at 3\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u20095 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.656\u2009g, 95% CI (\u22125.198, \u22122.113), p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], 6\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u20096 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u22126.583\u2009g, 95% CI (\u221211.158, \u22122.008), p\u2009=\u20090.005], and 12\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u20096 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.726\u2009g, 95% CI (\u22126.347, \u22121.106), p\u2009=\u20090.005]. Moreover, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>laser therapy significantly decreased the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form Scores at 3\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u200910 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u22124.805, 95% CI (\u22125.985, \u22123.626), p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001] and 12-months [ n\u2009=\u20096 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.726, 95% CI (\u22126.347, \u22121.106), p\u2009=\u20090.005]. Additionally, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>laser therapy significantly decreased the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire scores at 6\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u20092 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u221211.268, 95% CI (\u221218.671, \u22123.865), p\u2009=\u20090.002] and 12\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u20092 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u221210.624, 95% CI (\u221218.145, \u22123.103), p\u2009=\u20090.006]. Besides, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>laser therapy significantly decreased the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 scores at 3\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u20092 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u221221.997, 95% CI (\u221232.294, \u221211.699), p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001], but not at 6\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u20093 studies, MD\u2009=\u2009\u22123.034, 95% CI (\u22127.357, 1.259), p\u2009=\u20090.169]. Lastly, CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>laser therapy significantly increased the Vaginal Health Index Score at 6\u2009months [ n\u2009=\u20092 studies, MD\u2009=\u20092.826, 95% CI (0.013, 5.638), p\u2009=\u20090.047] and 12\u2009months [MD\u2009=\u20091.553, 95% CI (0.173, 2.934), p\u2009=\u20090.027].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>laser therapy improved the SUI-related symptoms in women. To obtain solid conclusions, future studies should be well-designed with standardized settings, consistent therapeutic protocols, and long-term follow-up periods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562872231210216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T10:39:02Z","timestamp":1699612742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["CO<sub>2<\/sub>laser therapy for management of stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bandr","family":"Hafidh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Baradwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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