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It typically occurs in women with a history of hysterectomy or myomectomy for benign uterine smooth muscle tumors. In this case report, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with discomfort in the right perineal area. Imaging showed a large retroperitoneal tumor. The patient underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery to remove the mass, which was confirmed by histopathological analysis to be a uterine smooth muscle tumor of undetermined malignant potential (STUMP). The patient had no recurrence during the 2-year follow-up. The overall prognosis of STUMP is favorable, but more rigorous and long-term follow-up is required to monitor potential recurrence. Our case highlights that retroperitoneal masses in women with prior uterine fibroid surgery should raise suspicion for retroperitoneal fibroids. 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