{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T16:23:03Z","timestamp":1777998183223,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017577","name":"Basic Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGF20G030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGF20G030004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017577","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020777","name":"Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022ZYJ08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZYJ08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020777","name":"Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022ZYYL13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZYYL13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020777","name":"Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZYJ04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZYJ04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020777","name":"Zhejiang Pharmaceutical Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZYY05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZYY05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020777","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Advances in Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Novel androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) have been recommended for patients with high-risk nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of darolutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and bicalutamide when combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for treating nmCRPC in the context of national drug price negotiations in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cost-effectiveness analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Markov model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of first-line therapy (darolutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and bicalutamide) combined with ADT in nmCRPC patients, as well as second-line treatment options receiving chemotherapy after disease progression. The model included three health states: progression-free survival, progression survival, and death. The transfer probability per period was calculated using a Log-normal distribution. Drug costs were obtained from national price negotiations and relevant medical institutions, and health state utility values were obtained from the literature. Uncertainty was addressed through one-way sensitivity, probabilistic sensitivity, and scenario analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with bicalutamide plus ADT, apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide provided incremental benefits of 3.52, 4.96, and 3.86 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively. This resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of $117,261, $166,618, and $238,170 in nmCRPC patients. Specifically, the ICERs of apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide were $33,357\/QALY, $33,600\/QALY, and $61,740\/QALY, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with bicalutamide plus ADT, apalutamide plus ADT and darolutamide plus ADT are more cost-effective under the willingness-to-pay threshold of $38,223\/QALY. Nonetheless, enzalutamide plus ADT is not cost-effective compared with bicalutamide plus ADT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17562872251414928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:17:21Z","timestamp":1769559441000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cost-effectiveness of novel antiandrogens for the treatment of nmCRPC patients in the Chinese healthcare system"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1136-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of ZheJiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2021.09.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"221","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022","volume":"46","author":"Zheng RS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng RS, Chen R, Han BF, et al. 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