{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:37:10Z","timestamp":1790469430927,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supportive supervision of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices was one of a range of interventions employed at the county level in the control of the world\u2019s most deadly Ebola virus disease outbreak that affected Liberia during 2013\u20132016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Datasets generated from four consecutive assessment visits to 25 health facilities in Maryland County, in Liberia, were analysed. Information on IPC practices was obtained by interview, direct observation and completion of a standardised assessment tool. For each of the IPC fields assessed, a score &lt; 50% was graded poor, 50\u201375% as fair, while &gt; 75% was rated as good.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Before the intervention, the first assessment (baseline) indicated that the majority of the health facilities scored low in terms of isolation facilities, IPC administration, supply and equipment, personnel and staffing, triage and waste management. Following the application of supportive supervision and monitoring, all the facilities recorded moderate to good performance in all the fields during the fourth round of assessment, except for isolation facilities, which scored low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Supportive supervision and monitoring of healthcare facilities appeared to have contributed to the improvement in IPC standards and compliance during the Ebola outbreak as demonstrated in this small-scale study and should be sustained as a core component of IPC programs, particularly in prolonged outbreak situations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177418780994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T06:42:16Z","timestamp":1530686536000},"page":"287-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The impact of supportive supervision of infection prevention and control practices on Ebola outbreak in Liberia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ogbaini-Emovon","family":"Ephraim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Ebola Response Team, Maryland County, Republic of Liberia"},{"name":"Currently at Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneh","family":"Cyrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Maryland County Health Team, Republic of Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pajibo","family":"Myer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Maryland County Health Team, Republic of Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abah","family":"Steve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1757177418780994","unstructured":"Bolkan HA, Bash-Taqi DA, Samai M, Gerdin M, von Schreeb J. (2014) Ebola and indirect effects on health service function in Sierra Leone. PLoS Currents 6; ecurrents.outbreaks.0307d588df619f9c9447f8ead5b7b2d."},{"key":"bibr2-1757177418780994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00222"},{"key":"bibr3-1757177418780994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0548-4"},{"key":"bibr4-1757177418780994","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2015.01032"},{"key":"bibr5-1757177418780994","volume-title":"Making Supervision Supportive and Sustainable: New Approaches to Old Problems","author":"Marquez L","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr6-1757177418780994","volume-title":"Guidelines for Implementing Supportive Supervision: A Step-by-Step Guide with Tools to Support Immunization","author":"Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr7-1757177418780994","volume-title":"Improving Infection Prevention and Control in Ethiopia through Supportive Supervision of Health Facilities","author":"Tadesse T","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr8-1757177418780994","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2008) Supportive supervision for immunization, vaccines and biologicals. WHO training for mid-level managers, module 4. Geneva: WHO Press. Available at: www.who.int\/vaccines-documents (accessed 5 May 2017)."},{"key":"bibr9-1757177418780994","volume-title":"Interim infection prevention and control guidance for care of patients with suspected or confirmed filovirus haemorrhagic fever in health-care settings, with focus on Ebola","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr10-1757177418780994","volume-title":"Infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance summary. Ebola guidance package","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr11-1757177418780994","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2015) Health worker Ebola infections in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. Geneva: WHO. Available at: www.who.int\/hrh\/documents\/21may2015_web_final.pdf (accessed 23 June 2017)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1757177418780994","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1757177418780994","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1757177418780994","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:07:04Z","timestamp":1777381624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1757177418780994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1757177418780994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1757177418780994","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-1774","1757-1782"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-1774","type":"print"},{"value":"1757-1782","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]]}}}