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However, variable adherence poses risks amid emerging variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify mask-wearing determinants and associations with demographics, knowledge, perceived laws\/enforcement, and concerns about disadvantages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using survey data from 1200 respondents in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia (July\u2013September 2021), binary logistic regression determined factors influencing individuals\u2019 face mask-wearing behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Socio-demographic factors significantly predicted mask-wearing. Compliance increased with better knowledge of the virus and pandemic. Positive perceptions of relevant laws and enforcement improved behaviour, while individuals unconcerned about the disadvantages of masks were more likely to adopt recommended practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While mask-wearing is strongly recommended to prevent COVID-19, adherence varies significantly with socio-demographics, knowledge, perceptions of law enforcement, and personal concerns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17571774251394889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T06:12:28Z","timestamp":1762841548000},"page":"78-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of face mask-wearing behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic among Southeast Asian countries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8614-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An Hoai","family":"Duong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Griffith University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry Mariz","family":"Rafael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Education Program, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle Dela","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Education Program, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernoiz","family":"Antriyandarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sebelas Maret University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_1","first-page":"330","article-title":"Sampling: why and how of it","volume":"4","author":"Acharya AS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Acharya AS, Prakash A, Saxena P, et al. 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