{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T01:02:52Z","timestamp":1788051772047,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perspect Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The rapid industrialisation and urbanisation fuelled by a fast-growing population has led to the generation of a huge amount of waste in most communities in developing countries. The hidden disorders and health dangers in waste dumps are often ignored. The waste generated in local communities is usually of a mixed type consisting of domestic waste and waste from small-scale industrial activities. Among these wastes are toxic metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), halogenated organic compounds, plastics, remnants of paints that are themselves mixtures of hazardous substances, hydrocarbons and petroleum product\u2013contaminated devices. Therefore, there is the urgent need to create an awareness of the harmful health effect of toxic wastes in developing countries, especially Nigeria. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p> This is a review aimed at creating awareness on the hidden dangers of waste dumps to health in local communities in developing countries. Many publications in standard outlets use the following keywords: cancer, chemical toxicity, modern environmental health hazards, waste management and waste speciation in PubMed, ISI, Toxbase environmental digest, related base journals, and some standard textbooks, as well as the observation of the researcher between 1959 and 2014. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Studies revealed the preponderance of toxic chemicals such as Pb, Cd, As and Hg in dump sites that have the risk of entering food chain and groundwater supplies, and these can give rise to endemic malnutrition and may also increase susceptibility to mutagenic substances, thereby increasing the incidence of cancer in developing countries. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Industrialisation and urbanisation have brought about a change in the waste that is generated in contemporary communities in developing countries. Therefore, there is the need to embrace speciation and sound management of waste, probably including bioremediation. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Recommendation:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The populations in the local communities need regulatory agencies who are health educators as positive change agents. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913915626192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,6]],"date-time":"2016-02-06T03:24:01Z","timestamp":1454729041000},"page":"245-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Waste dumps in local communities in developing countries and hidden danger to health"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Gloria O","family":"Anetor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Unit, School of Health Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), 14\/16 Ahmadu Bello Way, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1757913915626192","first-page":"340","volume-title":"Public Health, and Human Ecology","author":"Last JM","year":"1987"},{"key":"bibr2-1757913915626192","first-page":"412","volume-title":"In: Proceedings of the 7th Africa\u2013America International Conference on Manufacturing Technology","author":"Ojolo SJ","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr3-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800126"},{"key":"bibr4-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800126"},{"key":"bibr5-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09709274.2009.11906171"},{"key":"bibr6-1757913915626192","volume-title":"Silent Spring","author":"Carson R","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr7-1757913915626192","first-page":"230","volume-title":"Principles of Biochemical Toxicology","author":"Timbrell JA","year":"2009","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr8-1757913915626192","first-page":"218","volume-title":"Fundamental Toxicology","author":"Winneke G","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr9-1757913915626192","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"Bakare AA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bioscience Research Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr10-1757913915626192","first-page":"283","volume":"24","author":"Bakare AA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Science"},{"key":"bibr11-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.117-a257a"},{"key":"bibr12-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802751"},{"key":"bibr13-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00377-3"},{"key":"bibr14-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.12.2794"},{"key":"bibr15-1757913915626192","volume-title":"Global Chemical Outlook (GCO): Toward Sound Management of Chemicals","author":"United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr16-1757913915626192","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Nutritional Antioxidants in Cancer and Degenerative Diseases","author":"Anetor JI","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr17-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cc00541d"},{"key":"bibr18-1757913915626192","first-page":"11","author":"Burke M","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemistry World"},{"key":"bibr19-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1982.00510240006002"},{"key":"bibr20-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6854.609"},{"key":"bibr21-1757913915626192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.303"},{"key":"bibr22-1757913915626192","first-page":"XXX","volume-title":"Chemoprevention of Cancer and DNA Damage by Dietary Factors","author":"Ames BN","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr23-1757913915626192","unstructured":"UN State of the World Population. 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