{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:36:28Z","timestamp":1773023788841,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002141","name":"Public Health England","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perspect Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Planning regulations have been used to prevent the over-proliferation of hot food takeaways, minimising the impact of local obesogenic environments. To help mitigate the effects of lockdown, the UK government introduced temporary changes in March 2020 to Planning Regulations for England, allowing food retailers to open for takeaway services beyond \u2018ancillary\u2019 level without needing to apply for planning permission through permitted development rights (PDR). Businesses are required to notify their local authority (LA) when they implement PDRs. To better understand the impact of regulations on the policy and practice of key professional groups, Public Health England commissioned Teesside University to undertake scoping research in the North East of England. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A focus group and interviews were conducted with 15 professionals from 7 of 12 North East LAs. Professions included Planners, Public Health Leads, Environmental Health Officers and Town Centre Managers. Data were analysed using a codebook thematic analysis approach. An interpretation meeting with some participants was conducted. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> LAs were not aware of most businesses notifying them of new regulation adherence despite taking up PDRs, but were considered low-priority with many lacking formal recording procedures. There were concerns about health consequences of the changes, and consensus relating to ongoing issues with capacity across all professional groups, largely due to the continuing pandemic and absence of a strategy out of temporary measures. Concerns existed around ensuring cessation of restaurants trading as takeaways, and hygiene inspections backlog. Many (personally) saw new takeaways as a lifeline, offering broader menus and preserving local economies. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Lack of information around the number of restaurants\/pubs using PDR to trade as takeaway services, ongoing capacity issues of LAs and, at the time, the absence of a strategy post regulation changes, meant there were high levels of uncertainty regarding the impacts of these temporary measures. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17579139221106343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T11:34:52Z","timestamp":1659699292000},"page":"52-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The impact of COVID-19 on the hot food takeaway planning regulatory environment: perspectives of local authority professionals in the North East of England"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"HJ","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK"},{"name":"Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AA","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK"},{"name":"Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5004-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"CL","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK"},{"name":"Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5269-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK"},{"name":"Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Healthy Places, Public Health England, London, UK WHO Collaborating Centre for Healthy Urban Environments, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Wellbeing, North East, Public Health England, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6080-2238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"TG","family":"Townshend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Planning & Landscape, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Fuse, The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government. Government to Grant Permission for Pubs and Restaurants to Operate as Takeaways as Part of Coronavirus Response. Available online at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/government-to-grant-permission-for-pubs-and-restaurants-to-operate-as-takeaways-as-part-of-coronavirus-response"},{"key":"bibr2-17579139221106343","volume":"369","author":"McKinnon G","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"bibr3-17579139221106343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118000022"},{"key":"bibr4-17579139221106343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13574809.2015.1106916"},{"key":"bibr5-17579139221106343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2020.102305"},{"key":"bibr6-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government. National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), 2019. 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Available online at: https:\/\/eprints.ncl.ac.uk\/271413"},{"key":"bibr17-17579139221106343","volume-title":"A year of COVID-19 in the North: regional inequalities in health and economic outcomes","author":"Munford L","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr18-17579139221106343","volume":"41","author":"Addison M","year":"2018","journal-title":"et al."},{"key":"bibr19-17579139221106343","unstructured":"National Audit Office. Local Government Finance in the Pandemic, 2021. Available online at: https:\/\/www.nao.org.uk\/report\/local-government-finance-in-the-pandemic\/"},{"key":"bibr20-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG). The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) (Amendment) Order 2020. No. 330. Available online at: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2020\/330\/made"},{"key":"bibr21-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG). The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) (Amendment) Order 2020. No. 330 \u2013 Explanatory Memorandum. Available online at: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2020\/330\/memorandum\/contents"},{"key":"bibr22-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG). The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) (Amendment) Order 2020. No. 1243 \u2013 Explanatory Memorandum. Available online at: https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2020\/1243\/memorandum\/contents"},{"key":"bibr23-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Building, planning and design, Coronavirus in Scotland. Coronavirus \u2013 Relaxation of Enforcement Where Public Houses and Restaurants Offer a Takeaway Service: Chief Planner Letter March 2020. Available online at: https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/publications\/corona-virus-covid-19-relaxation-of-enforcement-where-public-houses-and-restaurants-offer-a-takeaway-service-during-the-current-outbreak-chief-planner-letter-march-2020\/"},{"key":"bibr24-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Department for Infrastructure. Mallon Relaxes Drivers\u2019 Hour\u2019s Rules and Provides More Flexibility for Takeaway Services. Available online at: https:\/\/www.infrastructure-ni.gov.uk\/news\/mallon-relaxes-drivers-hours-rules-and-provides-more-flexibility-takeaway-services"},{"key":"bibr25-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Welsh Government. Corona Virus COVID 19 \u2013 Relaxations of Enforcement of Conditions Relating to Retail Distribution. Available online at: https:\/\/gov.wales\/sites\/default\/files\/publications\/2020-03\/coronavirus-covid-19-planning-conditions.pdf"},{"key":"bibr26-17579139221106343","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government. 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