{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:15:25Z","timestamp":1787019325670,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perspect Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data suggest mortality rates of those under community justice services such as probation or parole have been increasing year on year. Little is known about why and how these individuals are dying. This scoping review explores the causes and contributing factors of mortality in those under community justice supervision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies published between 2011 and 2021 were identified across CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, Ovid Medline and PsycINFO. Articles were included if they presented original data on either mortality rates among those under community justice supervision or risk factors associated with the mortality of those under community justice supervision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches identified 101 unique articles of which 13 were included in the review. Articles were representative of five countries. All articles were either retrospective reviews or retrospective cohort studies. The studies fell into the categories of all-cause mortality, self-inflicted deaths or drug-related deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality rates of those under community justice supervision were found to be consistently higher than mortality rates for the general population regardless of cause of death. Factors identified as affecting mortality included history of drug use, history of self-harm and previous imprisonment including length of time in custody and experience of hospitalisation or solitary confinement while in custody.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17579139231223714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T10:07:16Z","timestamp":1706695636000},"page":"76-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dying whilst on probation: a scoping review of mortality amongst those under community justice supervision"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4372-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SE","family":"Perrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nurse Consultant, Health Protection, Public Health Wales, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Craddock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Nurse for Health and Justice and Sexual Health, Health Protection, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-707X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"BJ","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Principal Researcher, Health Protection, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"ICRC. Guidelines for investigating deaths in custody. Available online at: https:\/\/www.icrc.org\/en\/publication\/4126-guidelines-investigating-deaths-custody (2013 last accessed 8 May 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"European Court of Human Rights. Guide on article 2 of the European convention on human rights right to life. Available online at: https:\/\/www.echr.coe.int\/documents\/d\/echr\/Guide_Art_2_ENG (2022 last accessed 14 September 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Prison and Probation Ombudsman. Learning lessons reports. Available online at: https:\/\/www.ppo.gov.uk\/document\/learning-lessons-reports\/ (2022 last accessed 2 March 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30233-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2021.1991979"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"Bureau of Justice Statistics. Federal deaths in custody and during arrest 2020 \u2013 statistical tables. Available online at: https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/library\/publications\/federal-deaths-custody-and-during-arrest-2020-statistical-tables (2020 last accessed 10 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Australian Government. Deaths in custody in Australia 2021-22. Available online at: https:\/\/www.aic.gov.au\/publications\/sr\/sr41 (2022 last accessed 10 June 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.18.250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"US Department of Justice. Probation and Parole in the United States 2020. Available online at: https:\/\/bjs.ojp.gov\/library\/publications\/probation-and-parole-united-states-2020 (2021 last accessed 10 May 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"MOJ. Deaths of offenders in the community 2020 to 2021. Available online at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/deaths-of-offenders-in-the-community-2020-to-2021 (2021 last accessed 1 March 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","article-title":"Non-custodial deaths: missing, ignored or unimportant?","volume":"19","author":"Phillips J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phillips J, Gelsthorpe L, Padfield N. Non-custodial deaths: missing, ignored or unimportant? Criminol Crim Justice 2017;19:160\u201378.","journal-title":"Criminol Crim Justice"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-923X.12746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0264550519899994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"UNODC. Handbook of basic principles and promising practices on alternatives to imprisonment 2007. 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