{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:21:26Z","timestamp":1790248886303,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Perspect Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, dengue outbreaks in major urban areas have increased, a trend associated with rising temperatures. This study aims to analyze the incidence of dengue cases in metropolitan Lima during the 2023\u20132024 period and evaluate their relationship with urban heat islands (UHIs), linked to vegetation cover and distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This ecological study evaluated how some environmental factors (vegetation, solid waste, and poverty) could contribute to the distribution and increase of cases in 2023 and 2024 in the 43 districts of metropolitan Lima. Both years of study corresponded to epidemiological week 18. The data were obtained from the Dengue Daily Situation Room of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) of the Ministry of Health. We evaluate the spatial distribution of dengue cases by UHI and zones. A negative binomial model adjusted for poverty and population density was used to determine the association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most elevated UHIs occurred in the districts of Lurigancho, Ate, Pachacamac, San Juan de Miraflores, and Villa Mar\u00eda del Triunfo. The northern zone of Lima had the highest number of dengue cases in the first 15 epidemiological weeks. Higher dengue cases were observed in elevated UHI in both years. Dengue was inversely correlated with vegetation in 2024 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2a7d\u2009.05). Compared to the incidence of cases in 2023, the incidence in 2024 was approximately twice in the more elevated UHI category (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 3.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05\u20138.80), suggesting that dengue infections are increasing in districts with high UHI and lower green areas, adjusted for poverty and population density.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In metropolitan Lima, our research has revealed that the higher the presence of UHI, the higher the number of dengue cases in both 2023 and 2024, and urban vegetation could decrease the number of cases. These findings underline the importance of considering environmental factors in dengue-prevention strategies in urban areas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/17579139251385875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T11:08:04Z","timestamp":1761563284000},"page":"322-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of Urban Heat Island and socio-environmental variables on the increase of dengue cases in Lima, Peru 2023\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9978-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"DE","family":"Alcantara-Zapata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Endocrinolog\u00eda y Reproducci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Fisiol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3586-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C","family":"Ordo\u00f1ez-Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Endocrinolog\u00eda y Reproducci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Fisiol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Per\u00fa"},{"name":"Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1611-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"GF","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Endocrinolog\u00eda y Reproducci\u00f3n, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingenier\u00eda, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Fisiol\u00f3gicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Lima, Per\u00fa"},{"name":"Academia Nacional de Medicina del Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"Atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o Cl\u00ednica sobre Diagn\u00f3stico, Tratamento e Preven\u00e7\u00e3o da Dengue","volume":"37","author":"Seixas JBA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seixas JBA, Giovanni Luz K, Laerte Pinto Junior V. Atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o Cl\u00ednica sobre Diagn\u00f3stico, Tratamento e Preven\u00e7\u00e3o da Dengue [Clinical Update on Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Dengue]. Acta Med Port 2024;37:126\u201335.","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"100539","article-title":"Dengue emergency in the Americas: time for a new continental eradication plan","volume":"22","author":"No authors Listed","year":"2023","unstructured":"No authors Listed. Dengue emergency in the Americas: time for a new continental eradication plan. Lancet Reg Health Am 2023;22:100539.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Water and sanitation interventions to prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases: focus on emergencies","author":"World Health Organization (WHO); United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF)","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO); United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF). Water and sanitation interventions to prevent and control mosquito-borne diseases: focus on emergencies. Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health (WSH) 2024;1\u201315.","journal-title":"Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health (WSH)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization. Report on the epidemiological situation of dengue in the Americas. Available online at: https:\/\/www.paho.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-08\/2025-cde-dengue-sitrep-americas-epi-week-28-jul.pdf (31 July 2025 accessed 19 March 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia Prevenci\u00f3n y Control de Enfermedades (CDC Per\u00fa). Sala Situacional de Dengue. 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