{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:15:24Z","timestamp":1791897324492,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glob Health Promot"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Issue:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lack of food security is one of the major nutrition issues facing M\u0101ori today. Loss of traditional kai (food) gathering places and practices following colonisation and urbanisation has impacted negatively on food security for M\u0101ori. This paper explores the role of M\u0101ori in enhancing M\u0101ori food security through revitalising traditional kai.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative literature review of peer reviewed and grey literature on revitalising traditional kai for M\u0101ori was conducted. The focus was on two areas: increasing the availability of traditional kai to M\u0101ori households (such as through replenishing fish stocks, and gardening projects) and increasing the financial means available to M\u0101ori households to purchase food (by economic development of traditional kai industries and employment creation).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A range of activities to improve food security for M\u0101ori by revitalising traditional kai was identified in the literature. M\u0101ori are now significant players in New Zealand\u2019s fishing industry, and are developing their horticultural resources. Gardening initiatives have also grown considerably in M\u0101ori communities. Enabling factors included: the return of traditional kai resources by the Crown, and successful pursuit by M\u0101ori of the legal rights to develop them; development of M\u0101ori models of governance; government policy around M\u0101ori economic development and healthy eating; and M\u0101ori leadership on the issue. Barriers to revitalising traditional kai that remain to be addressed include: tensions between Government and M\u0101ori goals and models of resource management; economic pressures resulting in severely depleted fishing stocks; and pollution of marine and freshwater fish.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Revitalising traditional kai has considerable potential to improve food security for M\u0101ori, both directly in terms of food supply and by providing income, and warrants policy and practical support. These findings have implications for other indigenous cultures who are struggling to be food secure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975914543573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,2]],"date-time":"2014-08-02T01:48:32Z","timestamp":1406944112000},"page":"15-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Enhancing M\u0101ori food security using traditional\n                    <i>kai<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"McKerchar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, Christchurch School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharron","family":"Bowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion and Policy Research Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Heta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Regional Public Health Unit, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Signal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion and Policy Research Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie","family":"Matoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toi Tangata, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1757975914543573","volume-title":"Key results of the 1997 National Nutrition Survey","author":"Russell DG","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr2-1757975914543573","unstructured":"Nelson M, Erens B, Bates B, Church S, Boshier T. 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